Muscles of the Torso and Limbs  Naming Conventions  Head and Neck Muscles Trunk Muscles  Muscles of the Upper Arm  Muscles of the Lower Arm and Hand  Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg  Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot

Types of Muscles (By Function)  Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement  Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover  Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation The biceps and triceps are antagonists

Naming Conventions of Skeletal Muscles  Direction of muscle fibers Example: rectus (straight)  Relative size of the muscle Example: maximus (largest)  Location of the muscle Example: many muscles are named for bones (e.g., temporalis)  Number of origins Example: triceps (three heads)  Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion Example: sterno (on the sternum)  Shape of the muscle Example: deltoid (triangular)  Action of the muscle Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)

Head and Neck Muscles Depressor labii inferioris Frontal belly (o:gal apo, i: skin eyebrws, nose) Occipital belly (o:occ & temprl, i: gal apon) Occipitofrontalis (epicranius) Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus major Corrugator supercilii Anterior belly Posterior belly Digastric Splenius capitus (o:manub stern, med clav, i: mast proc temprl) (o:zyg arch & bone, i: ramus mand) Orbicularis oculi (o:frntl, max bones, i: tissue eyeld) (Galea aponeurotica)

Figure 10.10a External Intercostal (o:inf brdr rib above, i: sup brdr rib below ) (a) Internal Intercostal (o:sup bord rib below, i: inf bord rib abv ) Inspiration muscles Expiration muscles

Figure 10.13a Clavicle Serratus anterior Humerus Sternum (a) Scapula-rotating, arm raising muscle

Trunk Muscles Figure 6.16 Anterior views of trunk Pectoralis minor Internal (o:sup bord rib below, i: inf bord rib abv ) and external (o:inf brdr rib above, i: sup brdr rib below ) intercostals Diaphragm (o:pub crst & symph, i: xiph proc stern & cost carts ) Pectoralis major (o:stern end clav, stern, cost cart, i: grtr tubcle hum & intrtub sulc)

Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles Posterior views of trunk Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Infraspinatus Teres major (o:lmbr vert,ilc crst, i: intertub sulc hum ) (o:lat clav, acrom & spine scap, I: delt tuber hum ) Supraspinatus (o:supsp foss scap, i: grtr tubcle hum ) Splenius capitus

Figure 10.14a Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Lateral head Long head Medial head Triceps brachii: (o:post shaft humerus, lat border by glen cav scap, i: olecranon process) Biceps brachii (o:cor proc scap, top glen foss, intertub sulc hum; I: radial tub hum) Brachialis Brachioradialis (a) Anterior view

Figure 10.14b Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula (b) Posterior view Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus* Teres major Triceps brachii: Latissimus dorsi Humerus Olecranon process of ulna Lateral head Long head

Figure 10.15a Biceps brachii Tendon of biceps brachii Brachioradialis Flexor pollicis longus Medial head of triceps brachii Medial epicondyle of humerus Flexor carpi radialis (o:medl epicond hum; I: base 2nd,3rd metcpls) Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis (a)

Figure 10.16a Insertion of triceps brachii Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris Tendons of extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus (a) Extensor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis brevis (o:lat epicon hum; I: base 3rd metacpl) Brachioradialis Tendons of extensor digitorum

Muscles of the Torso and Limbs  Naming Conventions  Head and Neck Muscles Trunk Muscles  Muscles of the Upper Arm  Muscles of the Lower Arm and Hand  Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg  Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot

Figure 10.19a Iliac crest 12th rib Anterior superior iliac spine Sartorius (o:ant sup ilc spine; i: med. prox. tibia) Quadriceps femoris (o:ant & lat thigh; i: patella & tib tuber.) Rectus femoris (o:ant inf ilc spine & sup acetab; I: pat & tib tuber) Vastus lateralis (o:greater trocantr fmr; I: patella & tib tuber) Vastus medialis (o:intertroch line fmr; I: patella & tib tuber (a) Patella Patellar ligament Tendon of quadriceps femoris 12th thoracic vertebra 5th lumbar vertebra Adductor longus Gracilis Psoas major Illiacus Illiopsoas

Figure 10.20a Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus (o:dors illm, sacrm,coxcy, i: gluteal tuber fmr & tibia)) Gracilis Long head Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Short head Biceps femoris Hamstrings (a)

Figure 10.20a Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Gracilis Long head Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Short head Biceps femoris Hamstrings (a)

Figure 10.21a Gastrocnemius (o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.) Tibia Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Soleus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius (a) Fibularis longus

Muscles of the Lower Leg (o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)

Figure 10.22a Patella Head of fibula Gastrocnemius (o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.) Soleus Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Flexor hallucis longus (o:mid shaft fibula; i: under foot to dist phalx toe) Lateral malleolus 5th metatarsal Extensor hallucis brevis (a)

Muscles of the Torso and Limbs  Naming Conventions  Head and Neck Muscles Trunk Muscles  Muscles of the Upper Arm  Muscles of the Lower Arm and Hand  Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg  Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot