Classification 2006-2007

What variety! What similarity! Diversity of Life there are so many different creatures on Earth why are there differences? Unity of life all creatures have similarities common characteristics why are they so alike?

Organizing the world of organsims The Tree of Life organize creatures by structure & function how they are built how they live organize them into groups of closely related creatures

Classification System to organize all living creatures plants animals microbes etc.

Why not use common names? Misleading starfish dragonfly Confusing blue jay, blue coat, corn thief dog, perro, chien I swim, but I’m still a bird!

Carolus Linnaeus The Linnean system Homo sapiens proposed in 1700s each species has a 2 part name genus species Homo sapiens

Latin binomial 2 part scientific name Genus — larger group to which organism belongs always capitalized species — specific name for that organism always lowercase example: Linnaeus named humans Homo sapiens means “wise man” — perhaps in a show of hope & optimism

Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

Bacteria & Archaebacteria Eukaryote Prokaryote Classification 6 Kingdom system Prokaryotes No separate organelles in their cells Bacteria Archaebacteria Eukaryotes Separate organelles in their cells Protists Plants Fungi Animals Bacteria & Archaebacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryotes Kingdom Protist Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Bacteria Eukaryotes

Genus groupings Classify organisms into broader groups Species that are closely related are grouped into the same genus Leopard Panthera pardus African lion Panthera leo Tiger Panthera tigris

Orders & families

Organizing systems Making sense out of the differences Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

Prokaryotes Bacteria one-celled organisms microscopic no organelles have cell membrane have DNA most common form of life on Earth incredible number of different kinds

Bacterial diversity rods and spheres and spirals… Oh My! Rods Spheres

Both Good & Bad… Pathogens Beneficial & necessary cause disease infections Beneficial & necessary help in digestion help plants grow make foods

Archaebacteria Ancient bacteria live in extreme environments high heat high salt the most ancient creatures living on Earth today

Bacteria live EVERYWHERE On plants & animals In plants & animals In the soil In the extreme cold In the extreme hot On the living On the dead

Dichotomous Key A guide to identifying organisms It is based on statements/questions that will be answered with one of two responses. These responses lead you to other statements until you reach the identity of the organism.

1 A. Metal. go to 2 1 B. Paper. go to 5 2 A. Brown (copper). penny 2 B 1 A. Metal..................................go to 2 1 B. Paper.................................go to 5 2 A. Brown (copper)..................penny 2 B. Silver..................................go to 3 3 A. Smooth edge..................... nickel. 3 B. Ridges around the edge....go to 4 4 A. Torch on back....................dime 4 B. Eagle on back...................quarter 5 A. Number 1 in the corners....$1 bill 5 B. Number 2 in the corners....$2 bill

Important Terms Prokaryote – having no nucleus Eukaryote – having a nucleus Unicellular – made up of one single cell Multicellular – made up of more than one cell Autotroph – make their own food Heterotroph – get food from consuming something else