What is Enlightenment? History 104 / February 6, 2013.

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Presentation transcript:

What is Enlightenment? History 104 / February 6, 2013

François Marie Arouet ( ) a.k.a. Voltaire

Disseminating knowledge: Voltaire Voltaire, Elements of the Philosophy of Newton (Amsterdam, 1738)

Disseminating knowledge: the Encyclopédia Denis Diderot ( )

First volume of the Encyclopédia (1751) “Encyclopedia, or reasoned dictionary of the sciences, arts, and methods” “By a society of people of letters”

39 volumes of the original Encyclopédia – available from online booksellers!

Examples of technical drawings from the Encyclopédia

Baron de Montesqueiu ( ) Persian Letters (1721) The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

Adam Smith ( ) The Wealth of Nations (1776)

Jean-Marie de Condorcet The Progress of the Human Mind (early 1790s)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( )

Rousseau, Émile or On Education (Amsterdam, 1762) - the “noble savage”

Rousseau, The Social Contract (Amsterdam, 1762)

Voltaire, Candide (1759) Essay on Tolerance (1763)

G. F. Lessing ( ) Nathan the Wise (1779)

The Baron d’Holbach The System of Nature (1780)

Immanuel Kant ( ) The Critique of Pure Reason (1781)

Initiation into a Masonic Lodge

Masonic symbols

Mary Wollstonecraft ( ) A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1791)

The Methodist revival: George Whitefield & John Wesley

Moses Mendelssohn ( )