9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction1 ECE 5465 Advanced Microcomputers

Outline  Course Overview  Historical Perspective 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction2

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction3 Course Overview  Syllabus Review Let’s Go Over the Syllabus The Spring 16 semester offering will focus on the ARM architecture.  Special issues this quarter From Syllabus  Grading Policy From Syllabus

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction4 Historical Perspective  Late 60’s – 4 bit calculator chips  1972 – 4040, 8080, 6800 (6 mo later) ~$300  1974,75 – Intel 8085, Zilog Z80 ~$300  1975 – MOS Technology 6502 ~$25  1975,76 – TI 9900 (16 bit processor)  1978 – Intel 8086 – 16MHz ~ $3.95  1979 – Motorola – 12 MHz ~$12.95  1983,84 – Motorola – 16 MHz ~$39.95

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction5 Architecural Evolution  4 bit internal – 4 bit data bus – 8 bit address  8 bit internal – 8 bit data bus – 16 bit address  16 bit internal – 8 bit data bus – 20 bit address  16 bit internal – 16 bit data bus – 22 bit addr  32 bit internal – 16 bit data bus – 24 bit addr  32 bit internal – 32 bit data bus – 28 bit addr  64 bit internal – 32 bit data bus – 32 bit addr  64 bit internal – 64 bit data bus – 32 bit addr  128 bit internal?????? and the future ?????  The evolution will continue

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction6 Prices  1992 MC68000L8 - $7.95 – 8MHz MC68010L10 - $12.95 – 10 MHz MC $3.95 – 2 MHz  2006 data MC $3.95 – 2 MHz MC68000L8 - $8.95 – 8 MHz Intel Pentium - $28.05 – 166 MHz Intel Celleron Dual Core 1.66GHz, 512Cache - $40 Intel Core2Duo 3GHz 6MBcache 1.3GHz FSB - $180  Today - (prices as of 2012) Core2Duo,3GHz,6MB cache,1.3GHz FSB - $170 Core2Quad,2.5GHz,4MB cache,1.3GHz FSB - $150

And the price for memory  In the 1970s A 16 MB memory card for a TMS 80 (max memory 64 MB) was $  Today DDR2 2G Memory DIMM – 800MHz - $30 DDR3 4G Memory DIMM– 1.333MHz - $50 16 G Byte MMC memory card - $20 to $30 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction7

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction8 Applications and use  General Purpose PCs and Workstations  Scientific/Engineering  Computer Automated Manufacturing Equip  Robotic Control Systems  Medical Equipment  Business Computers and point of sale systems  Desktop Publishing  Data Communications and Networking  Automotive uses  Microwave ovens, Stoves, dishwashers, refrigerators,

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction9 Course Goals  Understand more advanced micro-computer architecture concepts through the study of a representative architecture.  Previous = The family is one of several microprocessor families available. It has a relatively simple instruction set and representative interfacing capabilities. It also supports multitasking.  Now = The ARM architecture

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction10 Some basic definitions  Microprocessor – a single CPU on a single IC chip. Contains both control and RALU Does not have on chip memory, timers, or I/O ports  Microcomputer – uProcessor with memory, I/O, timing, control, interfaces, powersupply  Microcontroller – has the elements of a microprocessor with supporting memory, I/O, timers, clock, interfaces (such as A-to-D) on board.  RALU – Register/Arithmetic Logic Unit

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction11 Von Neumann Atchitecture

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction12 Von Neumann Atchitecture

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction13 Example of von Neumann Architecture

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction14 Busses and Computer Structures 5 Components of a  computer system

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction15 Busses and Computer Structures 5 Components of a  computer system 1. Control Unit 2. Main Memory 3. ALU 4. Registers 5. Busses and I/O

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction16 System Example  Morse Code Transmitter

9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction17 Another Example  General purpose personal computer

The ARM architecture  The text focuses around a SOC based on a microprocessor core and in designing the core itself. Why is a modern processor designed the way it is?  BUY THE BOOK!!! YOU WILL NEED IT!!! 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction18

ARM  26 April 1985 – first ARM prototypes arrive at Acorn Computers Limited in Cambridge, England. Chips were fabricated by VLIS Technology, Inc. in San Jose, Ca.  A few hours after arrival they were running code. A bottle of bubbly was opened for the celebration. For the remainder of the 80s, ARM was quietly developed to underpin Acorn’s desktop products which formed the basic of educational computing in the UK.  Over the 90s, ARM advanced onto the world stage and established a market leading position in high performance embedded applications. 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction19

USE today  All cell phones have multiple ARM processor chips in them.  All vehicles have multiple ARM processors in them. 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction20

This class  Students will form into groups of 3.  Each group of 3 will make multiple presentation over the semester.  By Wednesday of week 1 a list of presentation topics for week 2 will be set up. Week 2 will only be a class on Wednesday.  Each day 2 groups will make a 15 to 20 minute presentation of the topic to be followed by general discussion.  The presentation will be graded so it important that all group members talk about 1/3 the time. 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction21

Assignment  Read Introduction and chapter 1 of “ARM system-on-chip architecture”  Remainder of today and Wednesday – form into groups  Wednesday - Microbaby 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction22

Assignment  Go to Wikipedia and read on John von Neumann. Write and 2 or 3 page summary of his life and career. Due to Drop Box on CARMEN. 9/22/2010Lecture 1 - Introduction23