Unit 1 - Matter Ch. 1-4

General Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made of matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made of matter

What are properties? Characteristics used to describe an object Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness, etc. See Table 1 Pg. 16 Characteristics used to describe an object Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness, etc. See Table 1 Pg. 16

General Properties of matter General Properties of matter Mass, weight, volume, and density Properties are used to identify a substance Mass, weight, volume, and density Properties are used to identify a substance

States of matter Four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma solids have a definite shape and volume Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate Four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma solids have a definite shape and volume Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate

Liquid particle arrangement Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move

Question Describe the shape of a liquid.

Describe a Liquid Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume. They always take the shape of their container. Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume. They always take the shape of their container.

Properties of liquids Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow

Properties of gases Gases do not have a definite shape or volume. They fill all the available space in a container Gases do not have a definite shape or volume. They fill all the available space in a container

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion. Regardless of what state the matter is in, the particles that compose it are always moving. Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion. Regardless of what state the matter is in, the particles that compose it are always moving. Video

Physical Properties of Matter Hardness – a measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented. Malleability – When a solid can be hammered into sheets or bent into shapes. Ductility – solid can be pulled into wires. Crystal form – when a definite structure of blocks or cubes in a regular pattern form. Hardness – a measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented. Malleability – When a solid can be hammered into sheets or bent into shapes. Ductility – solid can be pulled into wires. Crystal form – when a definite structure of blocks or cubes in a regular pattern form.

Physical Properties of Matter Solubility – the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. Viscosity – refers to how easily a liquid flows. Density – the amount of matter per unit volume of that matter. Usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ). Solubility – the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. Viscosity – refers to how easily a liquid flows. Density – the amount of matter per unit volume of that matter. Usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ).

Chemical Properties A chemical property is a behavior of a substance when it interacts with another substance. This usually forms a new substance. Combustibility – describes the ability of a substance to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. If a substance is combustible or flammable, it will burn when exposed to a flame. A chemical property is a behavior of a substance when it interacts with another substance. This usually forms a new substance. Combustibility – describes the ability of a substance to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. If a substance is combustible or flammable, it will burn when exposed to a flame.

Chemical Properties Reaction with acid – the ability of a substance to react with an acid is a chemical property. Read pgs. 16 – 19 in text. Assignment – Page 19; #1, 2, 3 & 5 Reaction with acid – the ability of a substance to react with an acid is a chemical property. Read pgs. 16 – 19 in text. Assignment – Page 19; #1, 2, 3 & 5

Physical & Chemical Changes There are many changes in matter that effect us everyday. Understanding and categorizing kinds of change are an important first step in utilizing the changes. There are many changes in matter that effect us everyday. Understanding and categorizing kinds of change are an important first step in utilizing the changes.

Physical Change In a physical change, the substance involved remains the same substance. Changes of state – melting, boiling, freezing, condensation, sublimation – are all physical changes. Dissolving is also a physical change. Most physical changes are easy to reverse. In a physical change, the substance involved remains the same substance. Changes of state – melting, boiling, freezing, condensation, sublimation – are all physical changes. Dissolving is also a physical change. Most physical changes are easy to reverse.

Chemical Change In a chemical change, the original substance is changed into one or more different substances that have different properties. Chemical changes always involve the production of new substances. Chemical changes are difficult to reverse. Examples include burning, cooking and rusting. In a chemical change, the original substance is changed into one or more different substances that have different properties. Chemical changes always involve the production of new substances. Chemical changes are difficult to reverse. Examples include burning, cooking and rusting.

How can you tell if a change is chemical or physical? There are many signs that can tell us. Consider several clues before coming to a conclusion. 1.A new color appears 2.Heat or light is given off 3.Bubbles of gas are formed 4.A solid material (called a precipitate) forms in a liquid. 5.The change is difficult to reverse. There are many signs that can tell us. Consider several clues before coming to a conclusion. 1.A new color appears 2.Heat or light is given off 3.Bubbles of gas are formed 4.A solid material (called a precipitate) forms in a liquid. 5.The change is difficult to reverse.

Assignment Read pgs Answer Questions 1-3 on pg. 30. Read pgs Answer Questions 1-3 on pg. 30.

Corrosion & Combustion Read Pg and make notes on corrosion Answer Questions 1-6 pg. 35. Answer question 4, do not make a poster. Read Pg and make notes on Combustion. Answer questions 1-5 & 7 pg. 39. Read Pg and make notes on corrosion Answer Questions 1-6 pg. 35. Answer question 4, do not make a poster. Read Pg and make notes on Combustion. Answer questions 1-5 & 7 pg. 39. Combustion Video