Mind Stretcher - Monday 1.DNA of _____________ is found in the nucleus of the cell. 2.Most of a cell’s ATP (energy) is made and stored in the inner membrane of the ___________________. 3.Plants and animal cells have cell membranes, but the plant cell also has another outer layer called the _____________. Eukaryotes cell wall mitochondria

Mind Stretcher - Monday 1.DNA of _____________ is found as a circular ring. 2.The outermost layer of a plant cell is the ________________ and is responsible for strength and support. **Get out 1 sheet and title it “Cell Processes Notes” Prokaryotes cell wall

Cell Processes Notes Cornell Notes

Background Info □Molecules are in constant motion, and tend to move from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lesser concentration.

Cell Processes Passive Transport: the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell. Active Transport: the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy.

Define Diffusion The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. (When they are really crowded…they want to spread out!)

Draw a diagram of an example of diffusion we saw in class.

Define osmosis water or other particles membrane □The diffusion of water or other particles across a selectively permeable membrane.

Selectively permeable membrane □A membrane that allows only certain materials to cross it □Materials pass through pores in the membrane

Define osmosis

□In this picture a red blood cell is put in a glass of distilled water (all water with no salt or sugar in it). Because there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell, water enters the cell by OSMOSIS. In this case too much water enters and the cell swells to the point of bursting open. In the end pieces of cell membrane are left in the water.

OSMOSIS

Why are osmosis & diffusion important?

□All living things have certain requirements they must satisfy in order to remain alive – maintain homeostasis □These include exchanging gases (usually CO 2 and O 2 ), taking in water, minerals, and food, and eliminating wastes. □These tasks happen at the cellular level.

Passive Transport □Osmosis and Diffusion are types of passive transport; this means that they do not need energy to move. (happen naturally)

Mind Stretcher 1.Materials move from areas of _______ concentration to areas of ___________ concentration. 2.The Cell membrane is said to be ________________. 3.The process of absorbing sunlight and taking in carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and oxygen is called ____________. Semi permeable high Photosynthesis low

Cell Processes (review) Diffusion: the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.

Active Transport energy □This requires energy to move molecules from low concentration to high concentration. (moving against what is natural) □Endocytosis: the process of bringing a particle into the cell □Exocytosis: the process by which a particle is removed from the cell

Summarizer □Osmosis and diffusion are similar in that they both………., but osmosis …….., while diffusion…………………

Directions (Do this now!) □ GET OUT 1 Sheet of paper & write Cell Processes Check Up □Get out your notes from yesterday on the Cell Processes □Read them SILENTLY at least two times top to bottom □You may quietly quiz the person next to you or across from you AFTER you’ve read your own 2 times!

Cell Processes Check Up 1.The movement of particles from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration is called______________. 2.The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called ____________. 3.Endocytosis means into or out of the cell? 4.Exocytosis means into or out of the cell? 5.True or False? : The movement of particles from less crowded to more crowded requires energy.

Gummy Bear Lab □Read the colored sheet (background information) □Write your name on the white Student Sheet □Write your Prediction based on what you’ve read □Get out a Sharpie and write your name on your cup

PROCEDURES □Use the ruler to measure the Height (cm) *How tall is it? □Measure its Width (cm) *How wide is it? □Go find a balance along the countertop and measure its MASS in grams. (g) □Write all this information in the BEFORE section of your DATA Chart □Write descriptive/physical characteristics on the chart □Fill your cup ½ way with water…place it to the back right of the classroom (by windex)

Mind Stretcher- Copy ALL 1.Materials move from areas of _______ concentration to areas of ___________ concentration. (diffusion) 2.The cell membrane is said to be ________________, letting only some things pass through pores. Semi permeable high low OR selectively permeable

Discuss Quiz Answers 1.The movement of particles from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration is called______________. 2.The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called ____________. 3.Endocytosis means into or out of the cell? 4.Exocytosis means into or out of the cell? 5.True or False? : The movement of particles from less crowded to more crowded requires energy. DIFFUSION OSMOSIS

Gummy Bear Osmosis- Day 2 □ Safety note - do not eat the gummy bears after they have sat in the water. When you touch them with your fingers and drop them in the water, something else is added to the water and begins to grow - bacteria.

Gummy Bear Osmosis- Day 2 □When I call your table, come get your cup □Gently pour gummy bear onto petri dish □Measure Height & Width in centimeters (cm) **Try not to touch sticky bear with ruler □Mass- FIRST push TARE or zero button with empty petri dish on the electronic balance □Then gently place your gummy bear into it □Record the MASS in grams (g) on your sheet □Pour Gummy bear back into your cup and sit down □Write complete sentences for Lab Conclusion; Use notes & textbook to add details & support

Calculate Percent Change □Fill in “ BEFORE SOAKING ” data for each of the three formulas (2 nd and 3 rd blanks) Height: (________-________)/ _______x100= _____% Width: (________-________)/ _______x100= _____% Mass: (________-________)/ _______x100= _____% 2 cm 1 cm 2 g

Calculate Percent Change □Fill in “ AFTER SOAKING ” data for each of the three formulas (2 nd and 3 rd blanks) Height: (________-________)/ _______x100= _____% Width: (________-________)/ _______x100= _____% Mass: (________-________)/ _______x100= _____% 2 cm 1 cm 2 g 3 cm 2 cm 8 g Subtract the first two #s…then divide that answer by your third blank & push = Then multiple by 100!

□When gummy bears are made, gelatin and water are heated, just like making Jell-O. As the mixture cools, the water is drawn out of the bears and they harden to a chewy little bear. Gelatin is a long chain-like molecule that twists and forms a solid form. As the water is removed in the cooling process, the gelatin solidifies. □A solute is the dissolved material within another material. So the gummy bear is the solute in the water. The water is the solvent. When adding salt to water, the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent. □When the gummy bears are added to water, the water molecules will move into the bear by means of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules (water) through a partially permeable membrane into an area of higher solute (gummy bear/gelatin) to equalize the solute concentration on both sides.

□There is less water and more gelatin inside the gummy bear. There is more water outside the gummy bear. The water doesn't want to be crowded, so some of the water molecules will move inside the gummy bear where there are fewer water molecules and a lot of gelatin molecules. □The gummy bears started out with a lot of water but when they cooled and hardened in the candy factory, most of the water was removed.

□Finished with your Lab Write Up? □Work on the Egg-cellent Osmosis reading comprehension sheet from yesterday □Study your notes!!! □Make sure you have Ch. 4-1 HW finished □Ch. 4-2 HW is due Friday…with QUIZ

Password □1s face the screen □2s face their partner □1s: Look at next slide and give clues to partner to have them guess each box Start at the bottom left □Move to the next box if correct □Sit down when all 3 have been guessed.

Password Active TransportOsmosis Semipermeable Membrane Passive Transport Diffusion exocytosis 

Password Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Cell Wall Photosynthesis chloroplast 

Mind Stretcher - 1.In diffusion, __________move from areas of ________ concentration to areas of __________ concentration. 2.In osmosis, _______ molecules move from areas of __________ concentration to areas of _____________ concentration. 3.What part of the cell do materials pass through to get into and out of the cell? high low high Cell Membrane water Particles/molecules

Mind Stretcher 1.Tommy pours salt on a slug. It shrivels up. Why? 2.Plants draw water up from the soil, through their roots to the leaves. How? 3.A man drinks a gallon of salt water everyday for a week and dies of dehydration. How does this happen? His organs are around 60% water. Drinking salt water draws water from his organs and into his digestive system. This leads to organ failure through osmosis! There is a greater concentration of water in the ground or roots of the plant than in the leaves. This causes water to flow up the plant, called “osmotic pressure”. The salt draws water out of the slug. (Osmosis)