Pearson Longman PoliticalScienceInteractive Shea, Green, and Smith Living Democracy, Second Edition Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology From Values to Ideology Political Ideology A consistent set of fundamental beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Liberalism and Conservatism Conservatism A belief in free markets, limited government, and individual self-reliance in economic affairs, combined with a belief in the value of tradition, law, and morality in social affairs Liberalism A belief in a strong government to provide economic security and protection for civil rights, combined with a freedom from government intervention in social conduct

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Liberalism and Conservatism

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Ideology and Tolerance Whereas liberals are highly concerned about the issue of due process, conservatives tend to take a narrower view on the rights of the accused. “It’s been hell! The breakfast bagels aren’t toasted, I can’t sleep with a nightlight, there’s no “dry hair” formula shampoo in the showers, and the guard won’t get close enough for me to stab him with a spoon!”

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Ideologies: Liberalism and Conservatism Conservatives’ demand for tax cuts reflects a preference for government that encourages individual initiative. Liberals’ concern about efforts to curtail social welfare programs reflects their support of strong government.

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology The Conservative Movement Conservative movement was revitalized in the 1970s and 1980s. Traditional conservatives and social conservatives merged to give the movement as a whole greater visibility. Growth of neo-conservatism

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Profile: Bill O’Reilly Bill O’Reilly claims to provide “fair and balanced” broadcast journalism on his Fox News show, The O’Reilly Factor.

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Dissent in the United States Fascism Political ideology in which the state and/or those of a certain race are assumed to be supreme over individuals Marxism The theories of Karl Marx, among them that capitalists oppress workers and that worldwide revolution bringing a classless society are inevitable Leninism The theories of Vladimir Lenin, among them that advanced capitalist countries turned toward war and colonialism to make their own workers relatively prosperous Communism System of government in which a single party controls all means of production and distribution of goods and services

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Dissent in the United States Socialism System of government involving collective or government ownership of economic enterprise, with the goal being equality of results, not merely equality of opportunity End of History The collapse of communism and the worldwide movement toward free markets and political democracy Political Correctness Repression of attitudes, speech, and writings that are deemed racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise “insensitive”

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Socialism Bernard Sanders, a self-described socialist, is a congressman from Vermont. An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Environmentalism Ralph Nader ran for president as a Green Party candidate in 2000, though as an independent in An ideology that is dominated by concerns for the environment but also promotes grassroots democracy, social justice, equal opportunity, nonviolence, respect for diversity, and feminism

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Profile: Rachel Carson A leading scientist in the 1950s and 1960s and author of Silent Spring

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Libertarianism Michael Badnarik, Libertarian candidate for president in 2004 An ideology that cherishes individual liberty and insists on a sharply limited government, promoting a free market economy, a noninterventionist foreign policy, and an absence of regulation in the moral and social spheres

Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 10 Special Topic: Political Ideology Political Ideology over Time