C2 Topic 1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table This topic looks at: The structure of the atom Subatomic particles and electron shells The periodic table How can you use the following numbers to give you the amount of protons, neutrons and electrons? Electron Structure – Draw the electron structure of: Na Cl Al Draw the structure of an atom and label it’s subatomic particles giving their mass and charge Keywords: proton, neutron, electron, shells, negative, atomic number, mass number On the periodic table – colour the metals and non metals separate colours and label the following. Alkali metals, Halogens, Transition Metals, Halogens. What do the periods and groups tell you about the electron structure?

C2 Topic 2: Ionic Bonding This topic looks at: Ionic Bonding, structure and properties Naming and formula of ionic compounds Precipitates Using the structure of ionic compounds can you explain why They have high boiling/melting points 2) They can conduct when molten but not when solid Keywords (electrostatic forces, position, negative, ions, lattice) Give Definitions for the following ION CATION ANION IONIC BONDING Keywords: stable, full shell, positive, negative, transfer, molten, bonds Show the ionic bonding of NaCl (don’t forget your charges!) Keywords: anion, cation, shells, current, ions,

Give definitions for the following Precipitate Soluble Insoluble C2 Topic 2: Ionic Bonding This topic looks at: Ionic Bonding, structure and properties Naming and formula of ionic compounds Precipitates Writing Ionic Formula Complete the table Write the formula for Sodium chloride Magnesium hydroxide 3. Potassium nitrate 4. Calcium carbonate 5. Copper nitrate 6. Aluminium oxide 7. Magnesium oxide 8. Calcium hydroxide Write the tests for the following ions Carbonate CO32- Sulfate SO42- Chloride Cl- Metal Ions K+, Ca+, Cu2+, Na+ Keywords: precipitate, insoluble, soluble, charges, balanced, solid, Precipitates Using the following table write the precipitates in the following reactions Sodium hydroxide + barium chloride ___________________________ Silver nitrate + potassium chloride ___________________________ Barium chloride + sodium sulphate ___________________________ Give definitions for the following Precipitate Soluble Insoluble

C2 Topic 4: Groups in the Periodic Table This topic looks at: Alkali Metals Noble Gases Halogens Halogen Draw the electronic structure of Fluorine, Chlorine and Bromine. Use this to explain how the reactivity changes as you go down the group. What do all the elements in Group 1 have in common? What do all the elements in Group 7 have in common? Alkali Metals Draw the electronic structure of Lithium, sodium and potassium. Use this to explain how the reactivity changes as you go down the group Keywords: outer electron, nuclear attraction, electrons, nucleus, reactivity Write word and symbol equations for the reaction of the alkali metals with water Lithium Sodium Potassium How could you test for the products formed?

C2 Topic 4: Groups in the Periodic Table This topic looks at: Alkali Metals Noble Gases Halogens Noble gases What are the noble gases and what can they be used for? Displacement Reactions of the Halogens Write word and balanced symbol equations for the displacement reactions of the halogens. How does this show you which is the most reactive? Potassium bromide + chlorine  Potassium iodide + chloride  Potassium iodide + bromine  What is Metallic bonding? Draw a diagram to explain your answer Will Aluminium be better at conducting that potassium? Why? Explain why: Metals conduct electricity. 2) Are Malleable 3) Have high melting points Keywords: inert, delocalised electrons, conduct, unreactive, sea of electrons Transition Metals? What are the transition metals?

What is a catalyst and what can they be used for? C2 Topic 5: Chemical Reactions This topic looks at: Exothermic and endothermic reactions Factors that affect rates of reaction Rates of Reaction. Using the particle model explain how the following affect the rate of reaction. Make sure you include all the keywords Concentration (3) Surface Area (3) Temperature (4) Catalyst (3) What do you understand by Endothermic reaction? (3) Exothermic reaction?(3) Energy Diagrams – Draw energy diagrams to represent exothermic and endothermic reactions, Explain what is happening in each case using bond breaking and formation EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC Keywords: temperature, bond breaking, bond making What is a catalyst and what can they be used for?

C2 Topic 5: Chemical Reactions This topic looks at: Exothermic and endothermic reactions Factors that affect rates of reaction Describe, in detail, how you would carry an experiment to measure the rates of reaction between calcium carbonate and different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. How would you modify the experiment if you were to investigate the effects of temperature? Explain how a catalytic convertor works. Describe the benefits What do you understand by activation energy? Draw graphs to represent how a catalyst effects the activation energy of energy. Explain what effects this has on the rate of reaction (4) Keywords: temperature, bond breaking, bond making Explain what type of reaction the graph represents and why?

C2 Topic 6: Quantitative Chemistry This topic looks at: RAM and RFM Empirical formula Calculating masses of reactants and products Percentage mass How can you calculate the percentage mass of an element in a compound? Calculate the percentage mass of oxygen in 1. CO and 2. CO2 What is the RAM of Carbon Magensium Pb 4. Potassium 5. Neon What is the RFM of Water Carbon Dioxide CaCO3 Mg(OH)2 H2SO4 What is the empirical formula? Work out the following empirical formulas below 1.Water, is a sample contains 0.6g of hydrogen and 4.8g of oxygen 2. Lithium carbonate, if a sample contains 2.8g of lithium and 2.4 g of carbon and 9.6g of oxygen. Keywords: Cabron-12, atomic mass, ratios, How can you work out the yield? What are the reasons for not achieving the expected yield?

C2 Topic 6: Quantitative Chemistry This topic looks at: RAM and RFM Empirical formula Calculating masses of reactants and products Calculating Reactants and Products 1. a. What is the theoretical yield that could be obtained from 256g of sulfur dioxide. 2SO2 + O2  2SO3 b. The actual yield of sulfur trioxide produced is 202g. Calculate the percentage yield. 2. a. Iron is extracted from iron oxide by reducing with carbon Fe2O3 + 3CO  2Fe + 3CO2 Calculate the theoretical yield of iron that could be obtained from 320 g of iron oxide. b. The actual yield of iron produced is 89.6g. Calculate the percentage yield. Name 3 products made in the petrochemical industry 1. 2. 3. Why is it expensive to dispose of waste products? Using ideas about waste products explain why people would object to a proposal to build a new factory to manufacture plastics near to their home? Keywords: Cabron-12, atomic mass, ratios,