Biochemistry Clinical practice Lecturer of Biochemistry INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES. practical part Biochemistry Clinical practice CLS 432 Dr. Samah Kotb Lecturer of Biochemistry 2015

Instructions for the collection of blood samples Please use Vacuum which is a generic name instead of Vacutainter or Disposable syringes.

Instructions for collecting blood by venipuncture for use with syringe 1) Choose method: A syringe and needle. 2) Collect supplies. 3) Wash hands. 4) Glove hands. 5)Position patient in a chair with aback. 6) Put tourniquet on client about 4-5 finger widths above venipuncture site. Dr Samah Kotb

Instructions for collecting blood by venipuncture for use with syringe 7) Determine specific vein. 8) Clean collection site with 70% isopropyl alcohol. Allow to dry. 9) Remove cap from needle and place on table . 10) Move syringe plunger up and down . 11) Use your thumb to draw skin tight about 2-4 finger widths below the venipuncture site. 12) Insert the needle into the vein.

Instructions for collecting blood by venipuncture for use with syringe 13) Pull back on syringe plunger so blood will flow into syringe. 14) Fill the syringe until the desired amount of blood has been collected . 15) After the desired amount of blood has been collected release the tourniquet. 16) Check to make sure client has opened their hand ,place dry gauze over the site without applying pressure. 17) Slowly remove the needle and then apply firm pressure to the pad

Instructions for collecting blood by venipuncture for use with syringe 18) Have client continue applying mild pressure until bleeding has stopped .Put on an adhesive bandage if necessary. 19) Place the cap on a flat surface. 20) With one hand use the needle to scoop up the cap . 21) Use the other hand to secure the cap. 22) Twist off carefully remove needle from syringe. 23) Discard the capped needle into sharps container . 24) Remove rubber stopper from tube. 25) Slowly inject blood into the tube .

Instructions for collecting blood by venipuncture for use with syringe 26) Carefully re-stopper the tube . 27) Shake by inverting tube back and forth 5-10 times . 28) Properly dispose of all contaminated supplies . 29) Label tube with the client identification number,date and collector’s initials .

Instructions for collecting blood by venipuncture (pediatric) For use with butterfly and vacuum tubes

Instructions for collecting blood by finger prick

Plasma Separating Tubes (PST) LAVENDER It contains EDTA which is a strong anticoagulant. It is used mainly in hematology studies. It must be inverted several times after collection

Plasma Separating Tubes (PST) LIGHT BLUE sodium citrate. coagulation (clotting) studies must be completely filled. must be inverted immediately after filling.

Plasma Separating Tubes (PST) GREEN Sodium or lithium heparin . For tests requiring whole blood or plasma such as ammonia. Must be inverted several times after collection.

Plasma Separating Tubes (PST) Black Contains sodium citrate. Used for ESR. Must be inverted several times after collection.

Plasma Separating Tubes (PST) GRAY Sodium Fluoride + potassium oxalate. It is used for measuring glucose levels. Must be inverted several times after collection .

Plasma Separating Tubes (PST) ROYAL BLUE Heparin or Na EDTA anticoagulants. Tube is designed to contain no contaminating metals. Trace element and toxicology studies.

Plasma Separating Tubes (PST) YELLOW This tube is used for certain reference tests requiring whole blood. It contains ACD (acid-citrate-dextrose) as the anticoagulant. It is also used for blood cultures.

Serum Separating Tubes (SST) Red (Plain tube) contains no additives. Tests for antibodies and drugs often require these.

Serum Separating Tubes (SST) Gold These contain particles that cause blood to clot quickly, as well as a gel to separate blood cells from serum.

Blood Blood is a liquid tissue. Suspended in the watery plasma are seven types of cells and cell fragments. Red blood cells(RBCs). White blood cells(WBCs). Platelets. Five kinds of Leukocytes (lymphocytes,monocytes,neutrophils,eosinophils,basophils)

After centrifugation of blood, the blood separate into three layers (see the figure).

Blood plasma Plasma is the liquid component of blood. It is mainly composed of water, blood proteins and inorganic electrolytes.

Blood plasma Roughly 92% water, mixed with organic and inorganic-substances. The most abundant plasma solute is the plasma protein, of which there are three groups: albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen.

Blood clot When a blood sample is left standing without anticoagulant, it forms a coagulum or blood clot. One of the normal components of plasma is a soluble plasma protein called fibrinogen.

Blood clot On standing, this protein will be converted to insoluble substance called fibrin >>>> this occurrence is referred to as blood coagulation or clotting. The clot contains coagulation proteins, platelets, and entrapped red and white blood cells.

Blood serum Blood serum: Serum is the same as plasma except that clotting factors (such as fibrin) have been removed.

Blood serum For many biochemical laboratory tests, plasma and blood serum can be used interchangeably. Serum resembles plasma in composition but lacks the coagulation factors. It is obtained by letting a blood specimen clot prior to centrifugation.