Role of WWI

Significance: Most of this area goes to Britain after WWI Britain France Russia and the USGermany Austria and the Ottoman Empire After WWI most Ottoman lands get taken away and Turkey becomes the new Ottoman Empire. Kemal the leader of Turkey abolished the caliphate system in 1923 See origins of Muslim Brotherhood

3 Documents During WWI 3/group Identify the potential problems of the three documents Balfour Declaration Hussein McMahon LettersSikes Picot Agreement

British Foreign Secretary, Lord Arthur Balfour on November 2, 1917 to Zionist Movement leaders trying to secure a home for the Jewish people

It is accordingly understood between the French and British governments: That France and Great Britain are prepared to recognize and protect an independent Arab states or a confederation of Arab states (a) and (b) marked on the annexed map, under the suzerainty of an Arab chief. That in area (a) France, and in area (b) great Britain, shall have priority of right of enterprise and local loans. That in area (a) France, and in area (b) great Britain, shall alone supply advisers or foreign functionaries at the request of the Arab state or confederation of Arab states.

Letters between the Emir (commander) of Mecca and British representative in Egypt 1. Subject to the above modifications, Great Britain is prepared to recognize and support the independence of the Arabs in all the regions within the limits demanded by the Sherif of Mecca. 2. Great Britain will guarantee the Holy Places against all external aggression and will recognise their inviolability. 3. When the situation admits, Great Britain will give to the Arabs her advice and will assist them to establish what may appear to be the most suitable forms of government in those various territories. 4. On the other hand, it is understood that the Arabs have decided to seek the advice and guidance of Great Britain only, and that such European advisers and officials as may be required for the formation of a sound form of administration will be British. 5. With regard to the vilayets of Bagdad and Basra, the Arabs will recognise that the established position and interests of Great Britain necessitate special administrative arrangements in order to secure these territories from foreign aggression, to promote the welfare of the local populations and to safeguard our mutual economic interests. I am convinced that this declaration will assure you beyond all possible doubt of the sympathy of Great Britain towards the aspirations of her friends the Arabs and will result in a firm and lasting alliance, the immediate results of which will be the expulsion of the Turks from the Arab countries and the freeing of the Arab peoples from the Turkish yoke, which for so many years has pressed heavily upon them.

Your Conclusion Report Make any connection to anything we have done in the class up to this point

The Fall of the Ottoman Empire Starts to Complicate Things For Example: Since Turkey abolishes the Caliphate and Ottoman lands are going to the British, Hussein Bin Ali (the guy in the Hussein Letters) declares himself a caliphate in the Hijaz

Abulaziz Ibn Saud moves his forces into the Hijaz conquering Hussein’s lands and uniting four regions into what would become Saudi Arabia in 1932 So why is this important? This is where Medina and Mecca are located

There are 3 Saudi States in history First State: 1744, Saud and Wahhab make a deal. Wahhab’s followers will recognize Saud’s government in exchange for allowing Wahhab’s followers to practice their interpretation of Islam. Second State: Pre-WWI: Oppression from Ottoman Empire. Saudi Arabia Kingdom: Unification.

Saudi Arabia has some form of alliance with what is called the Wahhab Movement. This folks are believers in a pure form of Islam free from contamination as well as the merging of Reeligion and government. The followers of Wahhab are strict constructionists.

Other Issues Who else will come to power? Who will not? What about those WWI agreements? What about oil? Where was Bin Laden from? Wahhabism starts to gain ground and influence How will Islam be interpreted?

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Closure 1.What role did WWI play? 2.How have various Arab and Muslim groups compete to either became a nation or spread their interpretation of Islam? 3.What made the Ottoman Empire significant?