Livestock are domesticated animals raised in agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, &labor. 1

 Agriculture sector contributes 23% to 25% of GDP of Pakistan of which 47% to 50% is shared by Livestock. It means livestock directly contributes ~13% of GDP.  Pakistan has tremendous potential in the field of dairy farming, dairy products, poultry, fisheries, food processing and drug development/testing etc.  Livestock sector employs 35 million people and produces almost $ 500 million products. 2

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 Veterinary medicine is the branch of science that deals with the application of medical, surgical, public health, dental, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to non-human animals, including wildlife and domesticated animals (livestock, working animals and companion animals).  Veterinary science helps human health through the monitoring and control of zoonotic disease (infectious disease transmitted from non-human animals to humans) and veterinary scientists often collaborate with virologists, epidemiologists and biotechnologists etc. 7

No. Name of Veterinary University/CollegeProvincePVMC 1 University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS)PunjabRecognized 2 Vet School at University of Agriculture FaisalabadPunjabRecognized 3 College of Veterinary Sciences JhangPunjab - 4 Vet School at PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityPunjab - 5 Vet School at Bahauddin Zakariya University, MultanPunjab - 6 Vet School at KPK Agricultural University PeshawarKPKProvisionally 7 Vet School at Gomal UniversityKPKProvisionally 8 Sindh Agricultural University of TandojamSindhProvisionally 9 Baqai Veterinary College, KarachiSindh - 10 Lasbella University of Agriculture & Marine SciencesBalochistan - Existing Veterinary Universities /Colleges in Pakistan 8

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Nili RaviKundi 10

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Cattle Red SindhiSahiwal 12

DhanniBhagnari Cattle 13

RojhanLohani Cattle 14

TharparkerCholistani Cattle 15

Kankerj Dajjal Cattle 16

The Poultry Industry One of the fastest growing segments of the animal industry 17

Modern Breed of chickens 18 Single Comb White leghorn

Modern Breed of chickens 19 Single Rhode Island Red

Modern Breed of chickens 20 New Hampshire

Modern Breed of chickens 21 White Plymouth Rock

Modern Breed of chickens 22 Cornish

Modern Breed of chickens 23 Barred Plymouth Rock

Modern Breed of chickens 24 Light Sussex

Modern Breed of chickens 25 White leg horn

Poultry BroilerLayer 26

Desi Breed Poultry 27

Chicken Anatomy 28

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Chicken Digestive system 33

Chicken Respiratory system 34

Chicken Respiratory system 35

The Broiler Industry Today, almost all of the poultry is raised in large operations The term broiler refers to chickens which are about 7-8 weeks of age and are raised for meat. Generally lighted 24 hours a day Helps cut down on cannibalism Process begins with the production of eggs that will be hatched into chicks. Parents are selected from breeds that are large and muscular Most are hybrids derived from mating of different breeds usually mated through artificial insemination results in hybrid vigor 36

Egg Production Eggs are expelled from the hens body and the embryo develops outside the mother’s body. Eggs are encased in a hard shell and can weigh several ounces Process begins with the release of the ovum (yolk) from the ovary If the female has been mated, the ovum will be fertilized within the infundibulum. The albumin or white of the egg is secreted by cells in the magnum. Chalazae is formed, It is a ropelike substance which holds the yolk in place in the center of the egg. 37

Egg Production Inner and outer shell membranes are formed in the isthmus The shell is formed in the uterus In hours the shell is completed and moves to the vagina and out of the hens body. Some facilities collect eggs with the use of a conveyor belt The egg rolls out of the nest box and onto the belt Eggs must be kept clean and free from contamination 38

Egg hatching Eggs are stored at degrees until being placed in the hatchery within 48 hours after incubation begins the embryo has developed a circulatory system Circulatory system sustains life by carrying nourishment from the yolk to the embryo Eggs are turned at least two times per day Turning eggs keeps the embryo from sticking to the inside of the shell By the end of the first week, embryos are recognizable as chickens 39

STRESSORS Cold Humidity Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Loud Noises Beak Trimming Parasites Poor Ventilation Mold & Mycotoxins NH 3 /H 2 S Heat Dust Vaccination Rough Handling Poor Sanitation Molting Weighing Pecking Order Feed Restriction Nutritional Deficiencies Poor Litter Quality Dirty Water Crowding 40