Oesophageal Cancer Katja Prašek- Kudrna Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

Types  Benign (10%) Epithelial Mesenchymal  Malignant (90%) Epithelial Mesenchymal Others

Epidemiology  In the top 10 malignant tumors  Geographic variability  4 times more frequent in ♂  Elderly

Etiology  Alcohol and smoking  Other carcinogens  Damage of the oesophagus  Deficiency of Mb, Zn and vitamin A  GERD  HPV  Other illnesses

Pathology  Microscopic Squamous cell cancer Adenocarcinoma  Macrosopic Superficial form Polyp Ulcer Infiltrative form

Signs and symptoms  90% - dysphagia and weight loss  Aspiration pneumonia and cough  Hoarseness  Horner syndrome  Palpable neck lymph nodes  Hypercalcaemia  Bleeding  Infection

Diagnostics  X rays  Oesophagoscopy (histology and cytology)  Endoscopic ultrasound  CT and PET  Bronchoscopy

Prognosis and Treatments  Radiochemotherapy  SURGICAL- total/ partial oesophagostomy  CYTOSTATICS- cisplatin, 5- fluorouracil  PALLIATIVE TREATMENT- stent or laser rechanneling  5 year survival < 5%

References  Vrhovac, Jakšić, Reiner, Vucelić: Interna medicina, naklada Ljevak, Zagreb 2008  Robbins: Basic Pathology, Saunders Elsavier, 2007 