Classification Of Matter

Pure Substances A pure substance has a fixed & uniform composition. It is homogeneous—the same throughout the sample. Example: pure copper (element)— all samples have the same properties. Not an example: Lemonade (a mixture of many chemical compounds)—not all samples are the same.

Mixtures A mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances which retain their own identity. Types of mixtures Heterogeneous-mixture of 2 or more Homogeneous-all the same

Mixtures A mixture can be separated by physically: Magnets, filter, distillation, evaporation, vaporization, chromatography

Heterogeneous Mixture In a heterogeneous mixture each component keeps its original properties. Each sample of the mixture will be different. (not uniform) Examples tossed salad cupcakes soil granite

Homgeneous Mixture completely uniform throughout (the same) in composition and proportion of components. Each sample of the mixture is exactly the same. It is also called a solution (note: solutions can be either gas, liquid, or solid) Examples ketchup, gatorade air, metal alloy (steel), windex

Classification Of Matter

Introduction to The Periodic Table Elements Introduction to The Periodic Table

Elements the simplest form of matter cannot be broken down further pure substances. building blocks of all matter in the universe on the Periodic Table

Symbols The symbol represents the element. Usually the first one or two letters of the name, but some are Latin or German. First letter is capitalized, the second letter is lower case. Page 16 Table 2

Periodic Table The key to understanding chemistry

The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is the organization of known elements. The current Periodic Table was organized by Henry Moseley. Page 17 Figure 12

Rows are known as PERIODS - arranged by increasing atomic # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Columns are known as GROUPS 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9B 10B 11B 12B

Columns are known as GROUPS 8A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 1B 2B

elements in each group have similar physical & chemical properties Groups or Families elements in each group have similar physical & chemical properties Representative Elements: 1a-8a (1,2 & 13-18) represent all types of elements (S, L, & gas) Transition elements: 1b-8b (3-12) As you move from left to right across the middle of the table the elements transition from metals to nonmetals. Inner Transition Metals: 2 rows at bottom Rare earth metals & those not found in nature (man-made)

Periodic Table

Metals 80% of all elements, left side of Periodic Table Physical Characteristics Shiny—metallic luster Malleable—able to be hammered, rolled, dented into thin sheets Ductile—able to be stretched into fine wires Tensile strength—able to resist breaking Most are solid at room temperature (except mercury) Good conductors of electricity and heat

Nonmetals 20% of elements, right side of Periodic Table Characteristics Brittle Gases, except liquid bromine, solid iodine, sulfur selenium, phosphorus and carbon Poor conductors of electricity and heat HYDROGEN is a nonmetal

Metalloids properties of both metals & non metals border both sides of the “stair stepping line” on the Periodic Table Characteristics Solids Semiconductors of electricity Used in desktop computers, digital watches, television and radios

Periodic Table Activity Get 4 different colored pencils from the back and open your book to pg 17. Use 1 color to color the inner transition metals on the bottom of the chart. Then use the last 3 colors to color the metals, non metals and metaloids. Make a key at the top of your chart.

Review Chapter 1-2 Exam Monday Discuss study guide

Homework—Due Monday 9/21 Complete Periodic Table Activity Matter and Change Review Worksheet Exam Monday—Chapters 1-2