Water Quality Considerations for Marine Protected Areas MLPA Science Advisory Team September 2005 SAT Review Draft.

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Presentation transcript:

Water Quality Considerations for Marine Protected Areas MLPA Science Advisory Team September 2005 SAT Review Draft

Road Map For Today Water quality briefing -Sources of potential pollutants -Categories of pollutants -Potential effects Important considerations for interpreting water quality impacts Water quality design factors of interest to the BRTF

Sources of Potential Pollutants Sources are typically broken into two categories Point sources -Publicly owned treatment works -Industrial facilities -Power generating stations Nonpoint sources -Urban and agricultural runoff -Dredged material disposal -Atmospheric deposition -Boating and shipping

Los Angeles

Category of Pollutant Example ConstituentsPotential Effects NutrientsNitrogen, PhosphorousEutrophication, algal blooms ToxicsMetals, pesticides, synthetic organics Acute or Chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation PathogensFecal indicators, Bacteria, Virus, Protists Gastrointestinal illnesses, other illnesses/infections, non-target diseases Emerging Issues Endocrine disruptors, PBDE, biocides Hormone mimicry, immune resistance Other pollutants Sediments, hydrocarbons Habitat alteration, light attenuation, smothering TYPES OF POLLUTANTS

Nutrient Concentrations from Central Coast Rivers (data from: K. Worcester, RWQCB)

Enteromorpha intestinalis bloom: Upper Newport Bay 2000 (photo credit K. Kamer)

Category of Pollutant Example Constituents Potential Effects NutrientsNitrogen, Phosphorous Eutrophication ToxicsMetals, Pesticides, Herbicides Acute or chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation PathogensFecal indicator bacteria, Virus, Protists Gastrointestinal illnesses, other illnesses/infections, non-target diseases Emerging Chemicals Endocrine disruptors, PBDE Hormone mimicry Nontraditional pollutants SedimentsHabitat alteration, light attenuation TYPES OF POLLUTANTS

(From: Bay and Schiff 2003)

Percent Fertilization Surface Layer Toxicity December 10, 1996

Total DDT in Sediments of the So Calif Bight (From: Schiff 2000)

(From: Schiff and Allen 2001)

Total DDT (ug/kg) in Sand Crabs From Central Coast Beaches (data from: K. Worcester, RWQCB)

Category of Pollutant Example Constituents Potential Effects NutrientsNitrogen, Phosphorous Eutrophication ToxicsMetals, Pesticides, Herbicides Acute or chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation PathogensFecal indicator bacteria, Virus, Protists Gastrointestinal illnesses, other illnesses/infections, non-target diseases Emerging Chemicals Endocrine disruptors, PBDE Hormone mimicry Nontraditional pollutants SedimentsHabitat alteration, light attenuation TYPES OF POLLUTANTS

Microbial Water Quality Exceedences: Summer in the Southern California Bight From: Noble, et al 2000 Shoreline Mile-Days (%) Type of BeachDaily Threshold Monthly Threshold High use sandy Low use sandy High use rocky Low use rocky Ephemeral outlets Perennial outlets Point zero All SCB4.95.7

Comparison of Dry and Wet Weather

Category of Pollutant Example Constituents Potential Effects NutrientsNitrogen, Phosphorous Eutrophication ToxicsMetals, Pesticides, Herbicides Acute or chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation PathogensFecal indicator bacteria, Virus, Protists Gastrointestinal illnesses, other illnesses/infections, non-target diseases Emerging Chemicals Endocrine disruptors, PBDE Hormone mimicry Nontraditional pollutants SedimentsHabitat alteration, light attenuation TYPES OF POLLUTANTS

Plot of Estrogen in Male Fish Bullet List

Category of Pollutant Example Constituents Potential Effects NutrientsNitrogen, Phosphorous Eutrophication ToxicsMetals, Pesticides, Herbicides Acute or chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation PathogensFecal indicator bacteria, Virus, Protists Gastrointestinal illnesses, other illnesses/infections, non-target diseases Emerging Chemicals Endocrine disruptors, PBDE Hormone mimicry Nontraditional pollutants SedimentsHabitat alteration, light attenuation TYPES OF POLLUTANTS

Satellite View of Turbidity Bullet List

Interpreting Water Quality Impacts Interpreting Water Quality Impacts Not all constituents are anthropogenic - Nutrients - Fecal indicator bacteria - Metals Not all anthropogenic discharges result in impacts -Dispersion -Dilution -Transformation -Exposure

Important Water Quality Design Factors Proximity to current discharges -What’s in it? -Receiving water dynamics? Proximity to historical and future discharges -Long lived pollutants can bioaccumulate -Future growth and emerging chemicals of concern Areas of swimming advisories and closures -Storm drains and creeks Areas of seafood advisories and closures