The Medieval Church: The Age of Faith

A. Foundation of the Medieval Church Jesus Used parables to explain morality Christians believe in his miracles Crucified Apostles spread Christian teachings after death of Jesus Peter brought Christianity to Rome

A. Foundation of the Medieval Church The Bible Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) written 100 years after the death of Jesus Old Testament + New Testament = Christian Bible

A. Foundation of the Medieval Church Priests Early leader, St. Paul and Apostles were first “priests” Over time, only specially trained men could administer sacraments

Sacraments 1. Baptism: Admittance into church 2. Confirmation: Adult members admitted into church 3. Eucharist: central part of Mass Service 4. Reconciliation: Forgiveness by God for sins 5. Marriage: union 6. Holy Orders: Man become a priest 7. Last Rites: Final blessing for sick & dying

B. Salvation and Damnation Salvation = saved from sins and hell Salvation gained through…. 1. Following church beliefs 2. Performing good deeds 3. Living a moral life Christians believe that salvation would help their souls enter heaven and live in paradise forever without any desires or needs

Damnation Result of sinning and turning away from God Souls damned were banished to hell Hell was see as souls being tortured by fire and demons B. Salvation and Damnation

C. Life in a Monastery Community Set Apart from Society Monasticism = lives led by monks and nuns Monk = Greek for “living alone” Nun = French for nonne “virgin” Nuns and monks wanted to avoid war, sickness, and sin They wanted to serve God

Life of Guided Rules St. Benedict gave up his wealth, founded a monastery in Italy in 529 Wrote “The Rule” = rules for monks to live by Duties: work, study, pray Vows: chastity = never marry poverty = own nothing obedience = listen to your superiors C. Life in a Monastery

Life of Work Self-Sufficient tasks: Farming, cooking, sewing, building Charitable tasks: hospitals, refuge for the homeless, food for the poor, lodging for travelers and administer the sacraments C. Life in a Monastery

Life in a Monastery Led by abbot (head monk) - elected by monk bothers Convent led by an abess (head nun) Church - where monks pray Refectory - where monks eat Dormitory - where monks sleep Library/scriptorium - where they wrote/made books C. Life in a Monastery

D. Conflict between Church and State States Position - King Henry VI Angered by popes actions because he needed support against powerful German Lords Henry felt he should appoint church officials

D. Conflict between Church and State Church’s Position - Pope Gregory VII Wanted to reform the Church from leaders who plotted with kings to increase own power and wealth 1075 outlawed kings ability to appoint lay investitures (church officials) Threatened to excommunicate any king who disobeyed

King Henry demanded Pope Gregory VII to resign Pope Gregory excommunicate d King Henry Henry realized he could not defeated the Pope He begged for forgiveness Agreement: Only Church officials could appoint Church leaders Kings could give titles an land to these appointed officials Key Events in the Conflict between Henry and Gregory

Francis’ father was a wealthy Italian merchant His father put Francis on trial for stealing his cloth As a young man Francis amused himself with parties. Turned to God after being wounded in battle. Took Father’s cloth- needed money to build a church. Gave up his wealth Dedicated his life to caring for the poorest of poor Founded new order of monks called the Franciscans.

E. Rise of New Religious Orders Some New Things We Do as Friars Travel to help sick and poor Show others a humble cheerfulness & simple, holy life. Work with other orders of nuns, like Little Sisters of the Poor (founded by Francis) Educate Christians to understand the word of God. ( Dominic of Spain founded the Dominicans)