 Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette- King and queen of France who were executed for doing little for the French people.  Bourgeoisie- The well educated “middle class” of the 3 rd Estate that held higher paying jobs and believed in Enlightenment principles.  Tennis Court Oath- A pledge made by France’s National Assembly that said they would stay until they created a new constitution.

 Fall of the Bastille-July 14 th, was a fortress prison that was attacked by an angry mob. This started the French Rev.  Declaration of the Rights of Man- Modeled after the Dec. of Independence, and was issued by the National Assembly to declare all men free and equal  Reign of Terror- Conducted by the Committee for Public Safety, people opposing the Revolution were killed totaling 40,000.

 How would you change an unfair government?

 EQ: HOW DID THE IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT MOTIVATE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGE?  Add information into your graphic organizer.

 1 st Estate › Roman Catholic Church clergy › Scorned Enlightenment ideas  2 nd Estate › Rich nobles › Held highest offices of gov’t › Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas  3 rd Estate › Bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers › Had no influence on gov’t › Paid the most taxes › Embraced Enlightenment ideas

 Enlightened Ideas › The 3 rd Estate began to demand equality, liberty, and democracy. › American Revolution  Economic Troubles › Heavy taxes on members of the 3 rd estate. › Cost of living was rising. › Severe shortage of grain. › Gov’t deeply into debt.  Weak Leadership › Marie Antoinette  Spent money on gowns, jewels, and gambling. › Louis XVI had practically no money left.  Wanted to impose taxes on the nobility.

 Estates-General was called together.  1 st and 2 nd Estate would always be able to out vote the 3 rd estate. o 3 rd Estate created the National Assembly.  End of absolute monarchy and the beginning of representative gov’t. o 3 rd Estate found themselves locked out.  Tennis Court Oath- would not leave until a constitution was created.  Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789) › People began to gather weapons and went into the Bastille looking for guns.  Killed the guards and paraded their heads around town.

 Rebellion spread › Peasants destroy legal dues, steal grain, and burn down manor houses.  Women rioted over the rising price of bread. › The women march on Versailles. › They demanded that Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette return to Paris to do something about the rising costs. › King will be a prisoner for the next 3 years.

 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen › Stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights.”  These rights included “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.” › Guaranteed citizens equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion. › Women are denied such freedoms.  Took over Church lands and declared that Church officials were to be elected and paid as state officials. › Peasants opposed this and no longer support the revolution.  Louis and his family tried to escape but are discovered and taken back to Paris.

 Created a constitutional monarchy › The Legislative Assembly created laws, collected taxes, and declared war. › Allowed to vote if you are a landowning, male, 25 or older.  Radicals (left) › Wanted radical changes in the gov’t › Sans-culottes and Jacobins  Moderates (center) › Wanted some changes, but not as many as the radicals.  Conservatives (right) › Wanted few changes in gov’t.

 War begins.  The French imprisoned the royal family. › Fearful citizens raided the prisons and murdered prisoners.  The Constitution of 1791 was thrown out. › When the National Convention took office, it abolished the monarchy and declared France a Republic.  The Jacobins had the royal family beheaded by the guillotine.  France begins to draft soldiers.

 Jacobins had thousands of enemies.  Maximilien Robespierre gained power as a dictator.  The Committee of Public Safety protected France from its enemies. › The “enemies” were radicals who challenged Robespierre’s leadership.  Their only crime was that they were less radical than him.  40,000 were executed › 85% were peasants and the middle class.

 The National Convention turned on Robespierre. › They demanded his arrest and execution.  Drafted a 3 rd new plan of gov’t called the Directory. › Placed power in the hands of the upper middle class.

 EQ: HOW DID THE IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT MOTIVATE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGE?

 Do you think the guillotine is a form of “cruel and unusual punishment?” Why or why not.