THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON 1 Chapter 7

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINS 2 Section 1

Problems with France in 1780s 3 1. bad harvests 2. high taxes 3. who’s questioning authority?

The Old Order 4 3 large social classes (estates) 1 st = Catholic Church 2 nd = rich nobles/do not pay taxes 3 rd = 97% of pop.  Bourgeoisie (middle class), have money but pay taxes  City workers (poor laborers + servants)  Peasants (80% of entire pop.)

The Forces of Change 5 1. Enlightenment ideas  Inspired by American Rev.  Rousseau + Voltaire = equality + democracy 2. economic problems  High taxes hurt trade industry  Bad weather -> less grain - > expensive bread  Debt from overspending by Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

The Forces of Change 6 3. a weak leader  Louis XVI does not listen to advisors  Listens to wife from Austria who buys jewels and gambles  Runs out of money  Taxes nobles  Second Estate (nobles) force him to call a meeting of all three estates (Estates-General)

Dawn of the Revolution 7 Each estate had one vote 3 rd estate wants each delegate to have a vote They break away to form the National Assembly  Pass laws and reforms  Representative govt. Tennis Court Oath – new constitution

Storming the Bastille 8 Political prison in Paris is taken over by a mob

The Great Fear 9 Rebellion spread throughout the countryside Peasants burned the houses of nobles Women riot over increase in price of bread -> kill some of the king’s guards

NAPOLEON FORGES AN EMPIRE 10 Section 3

Napoleon Bonaparte Seizes Power 11 Military school at nine Joins army of the new govt. during the Revolution Leads French army in wins against Austria + Kingdom of Sardinia Chaos in France -> a coup d'état in 1799 and Napoleon becomes ruler (dictator) of France Britain, Austria, and Russia sign peace agreements with Napoleon

Napoleon Rules France – a plebiscite – vote of the people – approves a new constitution that gives Napoleon full power Economy – stable supply of tax money Dismisses corrupt govt. officials Lycees – govt. - run public schools Concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius VII to allow the Church to have some influence

Napoleon Rules France 13 Napoleonic Code – comprehensive/uniform system of laws  Eliminates many injustices  Less freedom of speech/press  Order over individual rights Crowns himself Emperor of France in 1804

Napoleon’s Empire Restore productive sugar industry Enslaved Africans win war against Napoleon on island of Saint Domingue (Haiti)  Sells Louisianan territory to the U.S. for $15 million  Punish the British Takes over most of Europe except G. Britain after defeat in Battle of Trafalgar

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NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE COLLAPSES 16 Section 4

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes The Continental System  Sets up a blockade – a closing of ports linking Great Britain with rest of Europe  Attempts to destroy Great Britain’s economy  Britain sets up a better blockade  French economy suffers

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes Peninsula War  1808 – Napoleon sends troops through Spain to make Portugal accept the Continental System  Makes his brother Joseph the Spanish king  Spanish fear the Catholic Church will be attacked  Spanish peasants fight with guerilla warfare  Britain helps  Napoleon loses 300,000 men  Nationalism – loyalty to one’s country - increases