Chapter 3 Section 2 Religions of the Middle East

Monotheism Belief in one supreme God

Judaism

Judaism (Jewish) Oldest of the 3 religions Torah –Tells early Jewish history –5 books of Moses Moses –Prophet –Revealed 10 commandments

The Torah

Prosperous state under king Saul, David, and Solomon –Made the city of Jerusalem Diaspora –Spreading of Jewish people outside of the holy land

Holocaust –The murder of 6 million Jews in the 1940’s –Scapegoat Blamed for peoples troubles Believe God will send a Messiah or savior

Holidays –Rosh Hashanah New Years –Yom Kippur Most sacred holiday 24 hours of prayer and fasting

Christianity

The Teachings of Jesus Christ

Christianity Largest religion Believe Jesus is the Messiah Study the Bible –Old testament books of Moses –New Testament Teachings of Jesus

The Bible

Christianity Constantine made Christianity official religion of Rome in 300 A.D. Crusades –Popes and Kings organized to capture the city of Jerusalem

Islam

Islam (Muslim) 2 nd largest religion Call god Allah Believe Muhammad is prophet Quran is the holy book 3 holy cities –Makkah (Mecca) –Medinah –Jerusalem

The Koran/Quran

Five pillars of Faith 1.State beliefs in faith 2.Pray 5 times a day 3.Give to charity 4.Fast (no food or drink) 5.Hajj –Visit the holy city once

The Five Pillars of Faith

Hajj

Holidays –Ramadan Fast sunrise to sunset