Poetry is the best words in the best order. Poetry begins as a lump in the throat. Poetry is what makes your toes twinkle.

Poetic Devices Alliteration Assonance Onomatopoeia Rhyme Rhythm Similes Metaphors Personification Sight Smell Taste Touch sound Using the senses Imagery Sound Effects Rhyme and Rhythm

Similes A simile compares two things as similar, using the words like or as.  Her words cut like...  White as...  Red like...  As hot as...  As cold as...  He ran like... ...a startled rabbit ...embers in a campfire ...a knife ...drops of blood ...a gussy ...an early Winter’s morning

Create your own similes

Metaphors: A metaphor is another way of creating an image. A metaphor says that one object is another:  The night is...  The sun is...  My bed is...  His laugh is...  A book is... ...an adventure to be taken ...a warm cocoon ...a dark hot chocolate ...a flower in springtime ...a healer’s touch

Personification Personification is a special kind of metaphor in which human characteristics are given to non-human things:  The wind...  The trees...  The fire...  The door...  The window...  The moon... ...stretch out their withered arms ...smiled down upon us ...groaned to use its weary joints ...leapt and danced with delight ...whispered my name ...screams its protest

 A gentle breeze...  The cold wind...  The branches...  The bright sun...  The dark night...

Alliteration Using words that repeat the same sound at the beginning of the word is called alliteration Nursery Rhymes Baa Baa Black Sheep... Little Miss Muffett... Tongue Twisters Peter Piper picked a pepper from the pepper tree She sells sea shells by the seashore Advertising McDonalds mighty Mcvalue Meal The burgers taste better... Activity

Using Alliteration Swarthy smoke-blackened smiths, smudged with soot. Tongue TwistersAdvertising Activity: recognising alliteration

Recognising alliteration  List the examples of alliteration in this stanza from Rime of the Ancient Mariner The fair breeze flew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.

Assonance The repetition of similar vowels to create sound effects is called assonance  Breeze  Ask  Seaweed  Far  Dark  leave  Masking  She Use these or other words using assonance to create a 4-5 line poem

Onomatopoeia When the name of the thing echoes or imitates its sound  Dry leaves  Small sticks  Bees  Cats  The clock  Cannons  Boom  Buzz  Crunch  Tick tock  Hiss  Crack

Complete the following sentences  The wind ____________  Her anger ___________  The balloon __________  The trumpet __________  The frightened dog _____  The church bells ______  The rain _____________  The fly ______________ blaresbursts buzzesclang dripsexplodes whimperswhines

Rhyme: Rhyme occurs in poetry when similar sounds are repeated at the ends of lines.  Read the poem: Look out! By Max Fatchen  Identify the rhyming words in this poem  What is the poem about? This poem has the last word in each pair rhyming This is called a rhyming couplet It can be represented as aabb or aaaa ACTIVITY

Create your own rhyming couplet

Other rhyming patterns Sunset and evening star And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar When I put out to sea. Lord Tennyson, Crossing the bar Stanzas of a poem can have many different rhyming patterns, or no rhyme at all. Using the A B formula, describe the rhyming pattern of the stanza above.

Rhythm  The rhythm of a poem is its flow & beat  It helps to create its mood  Rhythmic patterns are in chants like those in skipping & patterning games  Rhythmic patterns are in song lyrics  Rhythm is created by the stress we place on certain words, or syllables, when we read

We can work out the beat by showing which words are to be stressed, using the mark / for a heavy beat and the mark x for a soft beat. Some poems have a fast beat; others are slower. How can we work out the beat of a poem? / x / x / x / Here’s a poem about my mate x x / x / x / x / On a scale of 10, a 9 he rates. Each line in this couplet has four strong beats. This creates the rhythm.

References  Content of slides taken or adapted from: Guest & Eshuys, English Elements 2