Civil War
Election of 1860 Democratic Party split Border States – Constitutional Union Party DE, MD, KY, MO
Election of 1860 N. Dem. – Stephen Douglas S. Dem. – John Breckinridge CU – John Bell Rep. – Abraham Lincoln
Election of 1860 Lincoln Wins! BUT with only 39% of the popular votes & NO electoral votes from the South!
Secession! In protest South Carolina leaves the Union on Dec. 20, 1860 GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, TX leave the union They create the Confederate States of America
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire on fort Major Robert Anderson tried to hold the fort but ran out of supplies Lincoln declared the south in rebellion
After Fort Sumter…. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas join Confederacy Borders States become very important to the North – Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, & Missouri
Union Strengths Had more Railroads Had more Factories Balanced Economy Functioning Gov’t
Confederacy Strengths More Trained Officers South only had to keep a defensive position Fighting to preserve way of life
New Technology Bullet – long piece of metal w/ rounded end
New Technology 2. Rifling – spiral groove cut inside the gun barrel
New Technology Shell – Exploding cannon ball
New Technology Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny lead balls
New Technology Ironclad Gunboats – steamships w/ iron plating
Increased Gov’t Power Draft – required military service Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment
Increased Gov’t Power Internal Revenue Act – tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine, & paper Becomes Internal Revenue Service
Increased Gov’t Power Created National Currency: Greenbacks
Increased Gov’t Power Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – gov’t project to connect East & West w/ railroads
Increased Gov’t Power Emancipation Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were free
Company C of the 54th MA Regiment 1st African American Regiment Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner
Election of 1864
Election of 1864 Rep. – Abraham Lincoln Dem. – George McClellan Lincoln thought he would lose! McClellan hated Lincoln
Election of 1864 Just before the election Sherman took Atlanta This victory changed country’s outlook Lincoln won re-election
Civil War Prison Camps North Point Lookout, MA Camp Chase, OH Fort Delaware
Civil War Prison Camps South Libby’s Prison, VA Andersonville, GA 100 soldiers died a day Commander guilty of war crimes
Medical Conditions TERRIBLE! Docs did not sterilize equipment! Went days w/out washing equipment! High rates of infection
Medical Conditions Some tried to make changes: Clara Barton – gave 1st aide to troops & started American Red Cross Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps
Economy NORTH Flourished Industry boomed Women took jobs in factories SOUTH Declined Food Shortages Still produced cotton & not food crops
Essay Question Explain how the United States expanding its borders led to the Civil War. Slave vs Free States Compromises Bleeding Kansas John Brown Election of 1860