What we should know by now!

What are cells? A cell is the smallest unit of living things that can carry out the basic processes of life. So…..where do cells come from? Cells come from other cells! A cell divides to make two cells and so on and so on and so on.

What do cells make?

Unicellular vs. Multi-cellular A unicellular organism is made from a single cell that carries out its life processes. Multi-cellular organisms are made of more than one cell. The cells have to work together.

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria Cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole No or small vacuole

Organelles Cell membrane – protective barrier with a water loving layer and a water hating layer. It controls what materials come into and go out of the cell. Cytoplasm – jell-o like substance that supports all of the cell’s organelles. Nucleus – the cell’s control center. Contains the DNA that contains the unique Characteristics of the cell. Mitochondria – supplies the energy for the cell. Vacuoles – used for storage. It can store water, food, and wastes. A vacuole is much larger in a plant cell in order to also provide rigidity. Cell wall – stiff structure outside the cell membrane to provide a plant cell with strength and extra support. Chloroplast – a green structure in a plant cell where the energy from the sun is used to Produce food for the plant.

Bacteria

The Microscope

What are the part functions? Eyepiece - contains the lens you look through; the top part of a microscope Body tube – light passes through this hollow tube; it also maintains the correct distance between the eyepiece lens and the objective lens Nosepiece – (revolving) holds the objective lenses and rotates to change the magnification Objective lenses – usually from 10X to 40X Stage – supports the microscope slide being viewed

What are the part functions? Stage clips – hold the microscope slide in place Diaphragm – controls the amount of light that enters the tube Mirror – reflects light through the diaphragm, stage, viewing object, and lenses Coarse adjustment knob – moves body tube up and down for focusing Fine adjustment knob – moves slightly and is used to sharpen the image you are viewing