Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape

Introduction Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Grapevine removes an appreciable amount of nutrients from soil. It has been estimated that an average crop of grape removes 40-60 kg N, 10-15 kg P and 50-70 kg K from the soil. The demand can be meet out with the application of manures and fertilizers because soil of India are generally poor in fertility and low in organic matter. Among major nutrients, N deficiency is universal. For better nutrient use efficiency, source of nutrients, time of application, methods of application and doses of fertilizers/ nutrients are important.

Introduction Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Chemical fertilizers have been the key elements in enhancing the fruit production in India. Fertilizer is the macro-micro nutrients carrier which when applied judiciously to soil or foliage meets the nutrient need of the crop. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted. From the point of view of environmental protection the word judicious is very relevant in the in nutrient management. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted. Thus it is important to have an idea about source of nutrient, methods and time of application and placement of fertilizers for better nutrient use efficiency.

Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Sources of nitrogen Fertilizer N (%) Urea 46.0 Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 26.0 Ammonium Nitrate 34.0 Ammonium chloride 25.0 Calcium Nitrate 15.5 Ammonium sulphate 20.6 Urea

Sources of phosphorous Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Sources of phosphorous Fertilizer P (%) Single super phosphate 16.0 Rock phosphate 18.0 Bone meal 20.0 Single Super phosphate

Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Source of potassium Fertilizer K (%) Potassium sulphate 52 Potassium chloride 60 Potassium Magnesium Sulphate 22

Mix fertilizers used as NPK source Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Mix fertilizers used as NPK source Fertilizer N P K DAP 18 46 Potassium Nitrate 13 45 NPK (15:15:15) 15 NPK (10:26:26) 10 26 NPK (12:32:16) 12 32 16

Sources of micronutrient Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Sources of micronutrient Micronutrient Source Content (%) Copper Copper sulphate 35 Cu EDTA 13 Iron Ferrous sulphate 20 Basic slag Boron Borax 11 Boric acid 17 Manganese Manganese sulphate 24 Zinc Zinc sulphate 36

Doses of nutrients for five years and old vine yard Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Doses of nutrients for five years and old vine yard Age of the plant (in years) Nutrient dose (g) Nitrogen Phosphorous potassium Anab-e-Shahi 600 550 800 Beauty Seedless 500 1000 Perlette 900 Thompson SL

Concentrations of micronutrients for folia spray Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Concentrations of micronutrients for folia spray Copper Iron Zinc Boron Mn 0.20% 0.50% Micronutrients should be sprayed at bloom and pre-bloom stage

Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers Fertilizers Factor Nitrogenous fertilizers Phosphatic fertilizers Urea 2.17 Single super phosphate 6.25 Calcium Ammonium Nitrate 3.85 Rock phosphate 5.56 Ammonium Nitrate 2.94 Bone meal 5.00 Ammonium chloride 4.0 Potassic fertilizers Calcium Nitrate 6.45 Potassium sulphate 1.92 Ammonium sulphate 4.84 Potassium chloride 1.66 Potassium Magnesium Sulphate 4.55

Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Time of application Newly planted vines: April and June Bearing orchard: apply half quantity of nitrogen and potash and full quantity of phosphorous just after pruning. Remaining nitrogen and potash must be applied after fruit set

Fertilizer application method Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Fertilizer application method In addition to source of nutrients, time of application and doses, the method of fertilizer application is also important in nutrient management Fertilizers must be applied at a distance of 30 cm from the tree trunk to drip line in grapevine during first year. In the subsequent years, these are applied in the 15 cm deep furrow opened in the rectangular or square plot made around the vines and then covered with soil from the alternate ridges.

Fertilizer application method Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape Fertilizer application method After broad casting, fertilizers should be incorporated thoroughly to the soil by cultivating the top soil. Care should be taken not to damage the roots. Urea must only be applied when the soils are moist otherwise trees must be irrigated immediately after urea application.