Plants: Structure and Function Objectives: F3.1 Describe the general structure of vascular plants Describe the structures of the various types of tissues in vascular plants.

What do you already know... Name the process that occurs within the mitochondria of living cells. What is the equation for this process? Name the process that occurs within the leaves of green plants. Why do plants carry out this process? What two substances do plants make, during photosynthesis, that animals need? What substance do animals make, during respiration, that plants need?

Classifying Plants Kingdom Plantae can be classified into two major divisions: Vascular Plants (ie: Ferns, Trees) Nonvascular Plants (ie: Mosses) In this unit we will be learning about vascular plants: their structure and how they function.

A Typical Vascular Plant

Major Plant Parts and Functions Explain what (general) function each of these plant parts carry out. Roots: Stem: Leaves: Flowers:

The "Typical" Plant Body The Shoot System (Leaves, Stem, Flowers) Above ground (usually) Elevates the plant above the soil Many functions including: photosynthesis reproduction & dispersal food and water transportation in ________ and ___________ The Root System (Roots) Underground (usually) Anchors the plant in the soil Absorb water and nutrients Transports water and nutrients to the _________ Food Storage

The tissues of a plant are organized into three tissue systems: the dermal tissue system, the ground tissue system, and the vascular tissue system. Use information from the table to answer the questions below it.                                                 Plant Tissues... The tissues of a plant are organized into three tissue systems: 1) the dermal tissue system 2) the ground tissue system 3) the vascular tissue system Work Sheet Activity

Answers Plant Tissue Structure Function Location Dermal Tissue Generally a single layer of cells The "skin" of the plant ‘Epidermis’ protection • prevention of water loss (waxy cuticle) Outermost cell layer Ground Tissue Makes up the bulk of the plant Made up of Parenchyma cells Collenchyma cells Schlerenchyma cells In roots it is called pith photosynthesis • food storage • regeneration • support • protection Middle cell layer Vascular Tissue Xylem cells Phloem cells Transport of water, ions, minerals, and food Secondary role in support Innermost cell layer

Dermal Tissue: Vascular Tissue: Xylem Phloem Tracheids Vessel members Dermal Tissue: Vascular Tissue: Xylem Phloem

Cell Types in the Plant Body... Parenchyma: Consist of living cells that make up plant body. Involved in photosynthesis and nutrient and water storage Functions in healing and regeneration of plant parts Collenchyma: Consist of living cells/Just below the epidermis Help strengthen the plant Thicker, flexible cell walls (flexible plant parts) Sclerenchyma: Usually dead at maturity.  Secondary cell wall made of cellulose Provides strength and rigidness to cell

More Plant Cells... Xylem: Vascular tissue Carries water and dissolved minerals up from the roots to other plant parts Phloem: Vascular tissue Transports sugars, synthesized in the leaves throughout the plant and down to the roots for storage. ** all of these cells arise from meristematic cells (undifferentiated cells)

Homework (pg. 500 of your text) 1. Name 3 plant tissues. 2. Name the specific type of tissue or cell that performs each of the following functions: Provides a waterproof layer Transports sugars throughout the plant Transports water and minerals up the plant Stores carbohydrates Forms a hard shell and provides support