Welcome to Chemistry II

Chemistry II: Objectives: Introductions with bios. Review Syllabus and Classroom Expectations Review Lab Safety Rules Review Polyatomic Ions Homework: Syllabus signed/ returned. Lab Safety Rules and signed/returned. Review polyatomic ions.

Chem II: Student’s Bio 1.What was your last science and math course and what grades did you earn? 2. When did you take Chem I? Who was your instructor? 3. What is your strongest subject? Weakest subject? 4. Do you have access to a computer at home? 5. What are your hobbies and interests? 6. Do you have an afterschool job? If so, where? 7. What kind of career are you interested in pursuing?

Chemistry II: Objectives: Student/Teacher Bios Review syllabus and safety lab procedures Review Ion Nomenclature Homework: Syllabus/Lab Safety rules signed/ returned. Review Lab Safety Rules-test tomorrow. Review Ion Nomenclature

Professions Dependent Upon Chemistry Engineering Teaching Dental Hygiene Chemists Health profession Physical Therapist/Trainer Photojournalism Psychology Dentist Historian Counselor Automotive

Ms. Leeper’s Bio txstate.edu bio-technologies.info cardiff.ac.uk bsmommy.wordpress.com internetapplicants. pbworks.com

Chemistry II: Syllabus Review classroom objectives and expectations. Students/Parents sign and return tomorrow.

Chemistry II: Lab Safety Rules Lab Safety Quiz-tomorrow Students/Parents sign/return tomorrow.

Chemistry II: Due: Syllabus/Lab Safety Contracts-place in tray Objectives: Lab Safety Exam Learning Style Assessment Homework: Complete Learning Style Assessment Review Ion Nomenclature-quiz next week

How do you process information best ? nwlink.com

Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner Ways in which we process information about our world. C2workshop.typepad.com

How do you process information best ? nwlink.com Hypothesis:

Scientific Method: Multiple Intelligences Test your hypothesis with an experiment. Complete Multiple Intelligences Test

Conclusion: a scientific explanation An effective explanation of data contains: a Claim: What do you know? Evidence: How do you know? Reasoning: Why do you know this?

Conclusion: a scientific explanation *An effective explanation of data contains: a Claim: What do you know? Evidence: How do you know? Reasoning: Why do you know this? *If needed, tweak conclusion for homework and turn in tomorrow.

Classroom Expectations 1.Students must be in their seat when the bell rings. 2.Bring all materials to class with you. 3.Students must raise hand before getting up out of seat. 4.Students must use their hall pass to leave the classroom. 5.Students must stay in their seat until the bell rings. 6.Students must turn in all assignments when requested for full credit.

Chemistry II: Due: Syllabus/Lab Safety Contracts Multiple Intelligence Expt. Report Significant Figures Wksht. Objectives: Review scientific skills Review ion nomenclature Homework: Complete Learning Style Assessment Review Ion Nomenclature-quiz next week

Pre-Lab Questions

Significant Figures in Measurements 1.All nonzero numbers are significant. Ex. 234 g = 3 significant figures (sig. figs) 1.Zeros in between nonzero numbers are significant. Ex. 2,034 g = 4 sig. figs. 3. Leading zeros are NOT significant. Only serve as placeholders. Ex = 3 sig. figs 4. Trailing zeros are significant IF they have a decimal point in the measurement. Ex g = 4 sig. figs.

Calculating Measurements When calculating with measurements your answer to such calculations can only be as good as your weakest measurement. 1. Multiplying and Dividing: The # of sig. figs. in the answer is the same as the measurement with the least number of significant figures. 2.2 g x g = 0.95 g 2. Addition and Subtraction: The # of decimal places in the answer is the same as the measurement with the least number of decimal places g g = 3.49g

Matter: Graphic Organizer

Classification of Matter

Matter and Forces.

Energy Changes a. b.b.

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

Phase Changes

Chem II-Period: Due: Scientific Skills Packet Review Objectives: Sig. Figs and calculation quiz Review Scientific Skills Homework: Scientific Skills: Molarity vs. Molality

Chem II-Period: Infinite Campus: Sig Figs and Calculations Quiz (12pts.) Multiple Intelligence Experimental Report (10pts.) Objectives: Review Scientific Skills Homework: Molarity vs. Molality Lab

Classification of Matter

Classifying Mixtures Classify each as the following: Homo mix, or hetero mix. If hetero mix, classify as either a colloid or suspension. a.Red Dye and Water b.Clay and Water c.Corn Starch and Water d.Lemon Juice e.Milk (1%) f.Hair foam

Mixtures Solutions: solute’s diameter is <1nm Colloids: solute’s diameter is b/w 1nm-1,000nm Suspensions: solute’s diameter is >1,000nm

Tyndall Effect When light is scattered by particles in a colloid, because they are not uniformly distributed. schools.birdville.k12.tx.u s

Chem II-Period: Objectives: Review Scientific Skills I can classify matter. I can distinguish between Molarity and Molality.

Classification of Matter

Classification of Compounds 1.Classify each compound as ionic, covalent, acid, or base. a.HC 2 H 3 O 2 b.Ca(OH) 2 c. O 2 d. NaF e.CO 2 f. Sn(CO 3 ) g. H 2 (SO 4 )

Electronegativity

Electronegativity Values webassign.net

Chemical Bonding : Electronegativity Difference

pH Scale vs. [H 3 O + ] concentration Explain the relationship between the [H 3 O+] concentration and pH scale at neutral, acidic, and basic conditions.

Acids vs. Bases

Soluble Solutions.

Chem II-Period: Due: Molarity Problems Objectives: I can distinguish between Molarity and Molality.

Molarity vs. Molality

Mole Conversion Map

Chem II-Period: Objectives: Polyatomic Ion Quiz I can distinguish between Molarity and Molality. (Complete lab) Homework: Complete Post-Lab Questions

Molarity vs. Molality Lab Purpose: Distinguish between molarity and molality concentrations for solutions.

Chem II-Period: Infinite Campus: Polyatomic Ion Quiz Objectives: Complete Molarity and Molality. Homework: Complete Post-Lab Questions

Molarity vs. Molality Lab Purpose: Distinguish between molarity and molality concentrations for solutions. *Make sure you give detailed procedures of how you prepared each concentration.

Chem II-Period: Due: Molarity vs. molality lab Objectives: Discuss quizzes(sig figs and polyatomic ions) I can name or derive the chemical formula for compounds.

Chem II-Period: Due: Chemical Nomenclature Packet Objectives: I can name or derive the chemical formula for compounds.

Solubility Refers to the degree a substance dissolves and/or dissociates in water. Dissolves Ex. Salt added to water Dissociates

Dissociation en.wikipedia.org

Salt Solution Sugar Solution Na+ Cl- C 11 H 12 O 11 Dissolving vs. Dissociation What is the difference between dissolving and dissociation?

Solutions: Dissolving A solute is soluble in a solvent. Three degrees of solubility: *unsaturated solutions *saturated solutions *supersaturated solutions C 11 H 12 O 11 SUGAR SOLUTION

Solubility “Like solvents dissolves like solutes” Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes. Ex. salt water Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes. Ex. oil-based paints dissolved in paint thinner. en.wikipedia.org

7.2 When solutes dissociate in water they are able to conduct electricity. These solutes are ionic compounds or acids/bases. These solutes are also called electrolytes.

Chem II-Period: Due: Chemical Nomenclature Packet Objectives: I can name or derive the chemical formula for compounds. I can illustrate chemical bonding and structure.

Acids and Bases Acids and bases dissociate in water. Strong acids/bases dissociate best in H 2 O. (strong electrolytes) Weak acids and bases dissociate poorly in H 2 O (weak electrolytes) Cl Na

Acids and Bases academic.cuesta.edu

Chem II-Period: Due: Chemical Bonding and Nomenclature Objectives: I can name or derive the chemical formula for compounds. I can illustrate and classify chemical bonding using Lewis Dot structures and VSEPR Diagram

Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer) Metal (Lewis Dot) Non-metal (Lewis Dot) Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer)

Molecular Structures: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecules Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Name Polar or Non- Polar Bonds CS 2 CO 2 N2N2

Drawing Molecular Structures 1.Draw Lewis Dot Structure for each element. 2.Calculate the total number of ve- for the molecule. 3.Share unpaired ve- with atoms. (covalent bonds) 4.Place lone pairs around appropriate atoms. 5.If an atom is not stable, then lone pairs can be used to reach maximum stability. 6.There are some exceptions to Octet Rule Elements with d-orbitals Molecules with an odd number of ve- (total)

VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) liakatas.org

Molecular Geometry Shape of the molecule in 3-D space. VSEPR Theory : -(Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) -How bonds and lone pairs are arranged around atoms to minimize electron repulsion.

Chemical Bonding

Covalent Compounds: Polar vs.Non-Polar Bonds

Chemical Bonding : Electronegativity Difference The eletronegativity (EN) difference is calculated by subtracting the electronegativity values of each atom within a single bond.

Chemical Bonding and Electronegativity Chemical FormulaClassify Compound Chemical NameBonds: Ionic, Polar, Non-polar (EN difference) CO 2 C---O CI 4 C----I MgF 2 Mg---F N2N2 N----N FeOFe---O

Solutions: Electrical Conduction Predict which solutions will conduct electricity. Explain how you know this. a.sugar solution (C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O) b.Salt solution (NaCl + H 2 O) c.Vinegar (HC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 O)

Dissolving vs. Dissociation a.sugar solution (C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O) b.Salt solution (NaCl + H 2 O) c.Vinegar (HC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 O) Which solutions above dissolve and dissociate in water? How do you know this?

Solutions: Electrical Conductions Website that illustrates electrical conduction in solutions.

Chem II-Period: Due: Distinguish between dissolving and dissociation of solutes in a solvent. Objectives: Mixtures and Concentration of Solution Quiz Distinguish between dissolving and dissociation of solutes in a solution. Factors that affect the solubility rate of solutes in a solution. Homework: Complete Scientific Skills and Matter Review-Test Mon.

Salt Water Na+ Cl- Solutions: Dissociation A solute breaks up into ions when soluble (dissolves) in a solvent.

Salt Water Sugar Water Na+ Cl- C 11 H 12 O 11 Dissolving vs. Dissociation DISSOLVES AND DISSOCIATES DISSOLVES ONLY Conclusion: Which class of compounds will dissociate when dissolved in a solvent?

Acids and Bases (HCl) (NaOH) dissociation

Chem II-Period: Infinite Campus Update: Mixture Quiz (9pts.) Objectives: I can distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds; and acids and bases. Distinguish between dissolving and dissociation of solutes in a solution. Predict how factors affect the solubility rate of solutes in a solution. Homework: Complete Scientific Skills and Matter Review-Test Mon.

Scientific Review Packet Complete qts