Ag. Day 3 List and describe the six main types of commercial agriculture found in MDC’s. Describe Von Thunen’s model of agriculture production. Malthus vs. Boserup.

Today’s Quiz 1. Are there still Hunter-Gatherers left on the Earth today? If so, where would they be? 2. Name one major difference between agriculture in MDC's and LDC's. 3. What is another name for Shifting Cultivation? What conditions would need to be present for this to be a sustainable activity? 4. Name one example of an extensive agricultural activity. Name one example of an intensive agricultural activity. 5. Name one plant that is an example of vegetative planting first seen in SouthEast Asia. 6. What is a "milkshed"? 7. What do you grow on "truck farm"?

Classifying Agricultural Regions Commercial Agriculture Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming Dairy Farming Grain Farming Livestock Ranching Mediterranean Agriculture Truck Farming North Dakota Potato and Wheat Fields

Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming Where: Ohio to Dakotas, centered on Iowa; much of Europe from France to Russia crops: corn (most common), soybeans In U.S. 80% of product fed to pigs and cattle Highly inefficient use of natural resources Pounds of grain to make 1 lb. beef: 10 Gallons of water to make 1 1b wheat: 25 Gallons of water to make 1 1b. beef: 2500

Dairy Farming Where: near urban areas in N.E. United States, Southeast Canada, N.W. Europe Locational Theory: butter and cheese more common than milk with increasing distance from cities and in West. milkshed: historically defined by spoilage threat; refrigerated trucks changed this. Dairy Farm, Wisconsin

Grain Farming Where: worldwide, but U.S. and Russia predominant Crops: wheat winter wheat: Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma spring wheat: Dakotas, Montana, southern Canada Highly mechanized: combines, worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, migrate northward in U.S., following the harvest.

Livestock Ranching Where: arid or semi-arid areas of western U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Spain and Portugal. History: initially open range, now sedentary with transportation changes. Environmental effects: 1) overgrazing has damaged much of the world’s arid grasslands (< 1% of U.S. remain!) 2) destruction of the rainforest is motivated by Brazilian desires for fashionable cattle ranches

Mediterranean Agriculture Where: areas surrounding the Mediterranean, California, Oregon, Chile, South Africa, Australia Climate has summer dry season. Landscape is mountainous. crops: olives, grapes, nuts, fruits and vegetables; winter wheat California: high quality land is being lost to suburbanization; initially offset by irrigation

Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming Where: U.S. Southeast, New England, near cities around the world crops: high profit vegetables and fruits demanded by wealthy urban populations: apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce, tomatoes, etc. mechanization: such truck farming is highly mechanized and labor costs are further reduced by the use of cheap immigrant (and illegal) labor. distribution: situated near urban markets.

Theory of Land Use von Thunen’s rings: theory from 18th century Intensive Commercial Ag Inner rings – costly inputs for high market value or high yield (fruits, veggies, dairy) Dairy and “truck” farms Extensive Commercial Ag Cheaper land = larger units = Outer rings Large wheat farms and livestock ranching

Von ThÜnen Model (Rings)

Von Thunen is beginning of location economics and analysis (1826)

Relative Value per Acre Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States.

Agricultural Regions of No. America Figure 8.17

Resource Exploitation Gathering or extracting Fishing Forestry Mining Renewable v. Nonrenewable What is the Difference?

Fishing Reliance as a food source is greatest in PING countries. 80% of fish catch comes from continental shelf region of the oceans, open seas fishing is too expensive Commercial fishing activity mostly a northern waters activity Overfishing and pollution has endangered supply of traditional food species

Aquaculture Fish Farming! Aquaman!

Forestry Forests STILL cover about 30% of world’s land area Forests are more restricted in area Upper-middle latitudes of Northern Hemisphere Equatorial zones of Southern and Central America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia

N. Hemisphere Belt

The Tragedy of the Commons How can student’s behavior eating lunch in the quad help us explain the concept of the “tragedy of the commons”?