{ Significant Writers of The 1920s The Jazz Age

 Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald born September 24, 1896 in St. Paul  Academic Probation; joined U.S. Army  Wrote The Romantic Egotist in fear of dying before accomplishing his dreams of literary success  End of war before he was deployed  Moved to New York City in hopes of finding a job and marrying Zelda Sayre F. Scott Fitzgerald

 Fitzgerald got an advertising job in New York City but quit and returned to St. Paul to rework his novel  The rewritten book, The Side of Paradise was published 1920  One week later Fitzpatrick and Zelda Sayre were married  One week later Fitzpatrick and Zelda Sayre married; they had one daughter, Frances Scott “Scottie” Fitzgerald in 1921 F. Scott Fitzgerald

 Fitzgerald’s main source of income became short stories  1922 – The Beautiful and the Damned published  1924 – Fitzgeralds move to France; he writes The Great Gatsby, published 1925  Fitzgeralds’ lives descended into alcoholism and mental instability  1934 – Tender is the Night published F. Scott Fitzgerald

 1837 – Fitzgerald moves to Hollywood and becomes a scriptwriter; Zelda still in mental hospital  Falls in love with Sheilah Graham, a Hollywood Gossip Columnist  Lives with Graham; makes occasional visits to Zelda or Scottie  October 1939 – Fitzgerald begins writing The Last Tycoon  Fitzgerald dies December 21, 1940; Only half the novel completed F. Scott Fitzgerald

 “Everything about them suggested an irresistible quality of both nostalgia and regret for the American past. Better than anyone else, Scott Fitzgerald gave voice to this in the elegies that round out The Great Gatsby” (Kazin 15). F. Scott Fitzgerald

 Ernest Miller Hemingway born July 21, 1899  Hemingway began his writing in high school  Served as ambulance driver in Italian Army in World War I  Nurse Agnes van Kurowsky  Returned the United States and began a job at the Toronto Star  Hemingway met Hadley Richardson; they married and moved to Paris Ernest Miller Hemingway

 Hemingway became part of “The Lost Generation” in Paris  1923 – Hemingway and Hadley have a son, John Hadley Nicanor Hemingway  October 1926 – The Sun Also Rises is published  Hemingway and Pauline Pfeiffer have an affair resulting in a divorce between Hadley and Hemingway  Pauline became pregnant o they decided to move back to America where they lived in Key West, Florida Ernest Miller Hemingway

 Hemingway spent much of his time hunting, bull fighting, and deep sea fishing  When reporting on Spanish Civil War in 1937, Hemingway met Martha Gellhorn who would be his third wife after the fall- out of his marriage with Pfeiffer  The two moved to Havana, Cuba  Hemingway serves in World War II Ernest Miller Hemingway

 While in service, Hemingway meets Mary Welsh, who he will marry after a divorce with Martha Gellhorn  1952 – The Old man and the Sea published  1954 – Nobel Prize for Literature  Retired to Idaho after writing A Moveable Feast  In retirement, Hemingway's mental and physical state steadily worsened  July 2, 1961 – Hemingway committed suicide Ernest Miller Hemingway

 James Augustine Aloysius Joyce born February 2, 1882 in Dublin, Ireland  Evidence of talent at young age; taught himself Norwegian to read Henrik Ibsen’s plays  Left Ireland for Paris in hopes of working with medicine  Met Nora Barnacle in Ireland and they were married  They moved to Croatian city of Pula and then to Trieste in Italy James Joyce

 Joyce taught English and learned Italian, the seventeenth language he could speak  Joyce and Barnacle had to children, Georgio and Lucia  1914 – Dubliners is published  1916 – Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man published  1922 – Ulysses is published: Joyce’s most famous novel James Joyce

 1939 – Follow up novel Finnegans Wake  Suffered from eye issues; died January 13, 1941 James Joyce

    Bright Book of Life: American Novelists & Storytellers from Hemingway to Mailer By Alfred Kazin Bibliography