The Governement and Politics of the European Union by Neill Nugent Chapter 2 : The Creation of the European Community

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara a)The European Coal and Steel Community b)From the ECSC to the EEC c)The EEC and Euratom Treaties d)Concluding Remarks 2 Structure of the Presentation

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara a) The European Coal and Steel Community Robert SHUMANJean MONNET 3 Established by the “Treaty of Paris” in 1951 under the Impulse of two French :

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara a) The European Coal and Steel Community (Contd.) First of the European inter-state organisations to have supranational characteristics : ▫Legislative competences in some important areas ▫Levies on Coal and Steel production to finance itself Created a free trade area and laid down the foundations for a common market 4

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara a) The European Coal and Steel Community (Contd.) The 4 institutions of the E.C.S.C. : ▫The High Authority (Independent executive branch – “Commission”) ▫The Council of Ministers (Legislative branch) ▫The Common Assembly (Advisory role) ▫The Court of Justice (Judiciary branch) 5

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara a) The European Coal and Steel Community (Contd.) Context of creation : ▫Franco-German reconciliation ▫Vision of a united Europe ▫Spill-over effect 6

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara a) The European Coal and Steel Community (Contd.) Assessment: ▫50 years  expiration in 2002 ▫Success in the early years ▫With the decline of Coal and Steel importance failure to adopt a coordinate and effective Community energy policy 7

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara b) From the ECSC to the EEC Success of ECSC in early years calls for more integration  attempt ot create the EDC (European Defence Community) Failure : ▫French reluctance to German rearmament ▫Absence of the Biggest European army (U.K.) ▫Seen as unnecessary (End of Korean War and death of Staline) 8

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara b) From the ECSC to the EEC (Contd.) With failure of EDC, refocus on economic integration  Messina Resolution ▫The six members of the ECSC meet on proposal of Benelux countries for more economic integration To give effect to the Messina Resolution : Use of P-H Spaak committee report as a basis for negotiation that lead to the ratification of the two “treaties of Rome” creating the EEC and EURATOM 9

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara c) The EEC and Euratom Treaties Concerning the establishment of a common market ▫1. Creation of a Community free trade area ▫2. Creation of a Common External Tariff  Customs union ▫3. Prohibition of anti-competitive practices ▫4. Promotion of free movement of goods, persons, services and capital 10 I. The policy concerns of the EEC Treaty

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara c) The EEC and Euratom Treaties (Contd.) Concerning the future evolution of the common market ▫Vague references of a movement towards some sorts of general economic integration and the coordination of economic and monetary policies. E.g. common agricultural and transport policy Clear ideology in the framework of the EEC treaty of free-market, liberal, non- interventionist capitalism 11

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara c) The EEC and Euratom Treaties (Contd.) Promotion of : - Research - Dissemination of information - Health and safety standards - A nuclear common market 12 II. The policy concerns of the EURATOM Treaty

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara c) The EEC and Euratom Treaties (Contd.) Both Treaties based on the ECSC Treaty Differences Being explained by the institutional framework of the EEC and Euratom 13 III. The institutional provisions of the Treaties ECSC Supranationalism EEC-EURATOM Intergovernmentalism

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara c) The EEC and Euratom Treaties (Contd.) The main Institutions of the EEC and Euratom ▫The Commission (less power than the High Authority) ▫The Council of Ministers (Greater powers) ▫The Assembly ▫The Court of Justice (The last two being common for all three communities) 14

LAHAYE Jean-Sébastien DANCKERS Lara d) Concluding Remarks The treaty of Paris and the two Treaties of Rome are the founding Treaties which spirit influenced the future EU integration If the Treaty of Paris has a special place in our hearts for being the « first one », the EEC Treaty is the most important as it laid down the base for the EU integration 15