CHA3UB- EUROPEAN HISTORY Welcome

Mr. R. Bergman Office: 223 Prep: Period 4 CHC2DB and CHY4U

European History relative The French Revolution- why? Effect of the revolution on Europe (and the world) Politics, Economics, Society, Culture, etc… Sprinkle of Enlightenment, dash of Liberalism, another dash of conservatism and a good ¼ cup of Nationalism But what exactly are those ‘isms’ above?

The IB Curriculum Unification of Italy( ) - Revolutions in Italy (and all of Europe) - Piedmont-Sardinia - Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour - Austria Unification of Germany ( ) - Revolutions in Prussia and the German States - Economics/Zollverein - Crimean War, Austro-Prussian War, Franco-Prussian War - Bismarck, Kaiser Wilhelm I, II - Bismarck…yep again

The IB Curriculum Imperial Russia (hmmmm…more like I’ll will tell you why, just not now, because I don’t want to) - Russia- European? Asian? Or other? - Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III - Serfs, Serfs and more Serfs - Crimean War - Mir - Assassination

The Course Breakdown A. Units of Study- previous slide, plus: Europe Pre (Revolutionary Europe, Napoleonic Wars, Congress of Vienna) B. Content Lecture driven, supported by readings, applied through seminars- make sense? Knowledge is essential

The Course Breakdown C. Assignments 1. Reading Questions/Assessments- completion and analysis 2. Essays- one per unit, argumentative, supported by research (secondary) 3. Historical Investigation- within the context of this course- independent, process 4. Final Exam- essentially a practice for next years IB exam 5. Unit Tests- structured similar to IB papers 1, 2, and 3 6. *Participation Not your typical high school class- assignments are rather consistent with very specific expectations

The Course Breakdown Communicate constantly Read everything- take notes Pay attention during lectures- TAKE NOTES- and then review the daily work as often as you have time for Make sure you are aware of the expectations of assignments- got some questions…ask

European History Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France Reaction to Revolution- security in post-Napoleonic Europe The Congress of Vienna Liberal and Nationalist reaction

Where to begin?

What history is and is not ‘history’ and ‘the past’- we must learn to use them differently History is a narrative text, written in the present, about the subject of the past, using evidence that the past has left behind All history is an interpretation of the past and never the same thing as the past Significance to some, insignificance to others

So Now What? If History is accessible to the masses on any level it is when asking controversial question….and using LISTS! Get together- The Top Ten Most SIGNIFICANT historical moments of all time Be prepared to defend your selections….

What history is and is not A process and a product- anyone can tell stories about the past that appear historical, but if the process used (methodology) is not historical then it is not history -historically-inaccurate-movies-ever-list/ -historically-inaccurate-movies-ever-list/ History is made by historians- you are not one, neither am I- what is my purpose? What is yours? It is important to give historians the respect they deserve History is plural…and needed

Historical Problems The epistemological (theory of knowledge) problems of history- there are 3 1. Finding the raw material (the sources) 2. Interpreting the evidence (the method) 3. Writing the history of text (the product)

Problem 1: the Sources The memory of the world is not a bright, shining crystal, but a heap of broken fragments, a few fine flashes of light that break through the darkness (H. Butterfield) Social scientists observe participants- historians must deal with the inadequacies of the raw materials “heap of broken fragments” Most people who have ever lived and most events that have ever happened left no record (yikes…kind of existential)

Problem 1: the Sources The records that do exist are often atypical or accidental Some are left on purpose and therefore not representative Some are source types that were never meant for future interpretation, accidental by-products of past events (remember tank man) Evidence only speaks to historians indirectly Therefore, sources will be interpreted in various ways…

The Napoleonic Wars or War of 1812 European Theatre- Napoleonic Wars North American Theatre- USA, Britain, France, The impact on North America of the war between France and Britain should be understated American won the war…So Did Britain…so why was there fighting in North America when the war was in Europe?