Ch 20-PROTISTA

The Kingdom Protista Defined more by differences than similarities Not actual plants,animals or fungi Many _________________________- and all eukaryotes So diverse that many biologists suggest they should be composed of several kingdoms UNICELLULAR

Classification based on : 1)________________________________- heterotrophs,autotrophs,decomposers and parasites 2)Some classified by how they move nutrition

II. Animallike protists:___________________________________ 4 Phylla: distinquished by modes of movement ___________________use whiplike flagella;many are aquatic;many absorb food through cell membranes;many reproduce asexually and some sexually by meiosis Sarcodines use _________________for movement and feeding:example-amoebas-move by extensions of psuedopods:have food vacuoles;_______________secrete calcium carbonate shells protozoans Zooflagellates pseudopods Foraminiferans

Ciliophora move by hairlike __________________;best known are of genus ____________-has micronucleus and macronucleus,gullet or oral groove,anal groove,contractile vacuole to balance water content,reproduce asexually and sexually by conjugation _____________do not move;many parasites,reproduce by ________ cilia Paramecium sporozoans spores

Diseases from protists ****-_____________________-caused by Plasmodium and Anopheles mosquito,many forms resistant to drugs malaria

***Other Protistan diseases_Trypanosoma Carried by ______fly tsetse

****Amebic dysentery

Giardia

NONPARASITIC__Trichonympha-mutualism Digests wood for termite!!!!

III.Plantlike Protists -Unicellular algae Contain chlorophyll and undergo photosynthesis ***_____________________- plantlike,have 2 flagella and no cell wall Euglenophytes

_________________________________-yellow-green algae and golden brown algae _______________________-thin,delicate CELL WALLS OF SLICA-GLASSLIKE DINOFLAGELLATES-half are photosynthetic and half are heterotrophic,some luminescent Crysophyta diatoms

PHYTOPLANKTON-near surface of ocean and food source Algal blooms that are massive depletion of nutrients and many cells die-an indicator of pollution

IV.Plantlike protists-red,brown and green algae Red algae-__________________-uses chloroplyll a and accessory pigments and can live at great depths;most multicellular and play role in coral reef Brown algae________________________-have chlorophyll a and c and an accessory pigment:largest and most complex of algae-kelp can grow 60 m in length Rhodophyta Phaeophyta

Green algae-_______________________-have chlorophyll a and b;unicellular,colonial,and multicellular Chlorophyta

HUMAN USES OF ALGAE- -animal and human food source -used in medications -ice cream -used in making plastics,waxes,deodorants,paints,transitors,lubricants,agar,toothpaste

V.Funguslike protists Have centrioles and LACK chitin cell walls of regular fungus kingdom Heterotrophs as decomposers SLIME MOLDS-on forest floor-spore forming WATER MOLDS-hyphae and spores-connected to great “Potato Famine”

Slime molds

Water mold