© Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Extracting titanium and aluminium.

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© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Extracting titanium and aluminium

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium and titanium exist in the earth as minerals

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium usually comes from aluminium oxide in the bauxite ore

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Most titanium exists normally as titanium oxide

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium There are limited amounts of the ores of both metals. This means they are expensive £ £ £ £ £ £

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium They are not easy to extract because …

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium … you can’t heat them with carbon because …

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium aluminium is above carbon in the reactivity series.

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Its atoms are joined very strongly to oxygen atoms

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium If you heat titanium oxide with carbon you make titanium carbide but…

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium this makes the metal brittle

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis – this is expensive

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium production

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Titanium is extracted by a multi- step process – this is expensive

© Oxford University Press 2011 IC Extracting titanium and aluminium Recycling aluminium uses only 10% of the energy needed to make cans from bauxite