Earth Materials Lynn Garner

What Are Earth Materials? An earth material is any natural material that is not now living on the earth’s surface.

Vocabulary Geology: the study of the Earth Geologist: A Scientist who studies Earth materials, such as the rocks and minerals on the Earth

Vocabulary Minerals: one ingredient in the earth’s crust that can’t be broken down - minerals make up rocks Rocks: earth materials made up of different ingredients called minerals – rocks are made up of more than one mineral/ingredient Property: something you can observe, such as size, color, shape, or texture Crystal: the solid form of a material that can be identified by its shape or pattern

What is the difference in rocks and minerals? Rocks Made up of different ingredients Rocks can be broken down into different minerals. Minerals Made up of only one ingredient Minerals can’t be broken down any more.

Rock Properties Texture Color Shape or edges Size Mass Smell

Rocks Science Content Rocks can be separated into their components Rocks exhibit a variety of properties, including shape, size, color, and texture. Water, setting, and evaporation can separate rocks into their components. Crystals form from evaporation of a saltwater mixture. Rocks are composed of earth materials called minerals that cannot be physically broken apart any further Rocks are made of ingredients called minerals.

Measurement Vocabulary Diameter: the distance across a circular object Circumference: the distance around a circular object Depth: how thick an object is Meter tape: measures linear dimensions Balance: measures mass (You weigh a mock rock using a balance to determine its mass.)

Rock Types Basalt: a dark, fine-grained rock that began as molten lava extruded from a volcano or rift and then cooled quickly on the earth’s surface. Granite: an igneous rock that forms when magma (molten rock) forms deep in the Earth’s crust. Limestone: one common sedimentary rock – has a wide variety of colors, textures, & origins and consist mostly of mineral calcite. They form where water is present. Marble: a metamorphic rock, is limestone that has been altered by heat & pressure – usually white by tinted by other minerals – often used as columns or countertops Mock rock: forms from common ingredients found in your kitchen (flour, salt, water, food coloring, & alum) and neighborhood (sand, gravel, & shells) - resemble concrete Sandstone: a sedimentary rock formed when rocks such as granite are eroded by wind, water, & ice – used as a building stone.

Mohs’ Numerical Mineral Scale Talc is the hardest mineral softest-1 Diamond is the hardest mineral - 10

Mock Rocks

Real Rocks

Mineral Types Fluorite- is found in a variety of colors-white, green, blue, & violet. It can be scratched with a gym clip. Gypsum- is a mineral that forms when seawater evaporates under arid conditions. Quartz– one of most common minerals and is made up of silicon and oxygen Calcite- a common mineral & chemical composition is calcium carbonate. It can be scratched with a penny. Feldspar Hornblende Mica-

Mineral Tool 1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 7 Quartz Paper ClipPennyFingernail How many tools could scratch this mineral?

Bibliography