Agenda 11/13- CP Biology Review Homework Quick sketch(es) of how respiratory and circulatory system work together to get O 2 from the air to a mitochondrion Cellular Respiration- start –HW- packet, pages 75, 84, and 86 only

Agenda 11/13/14- Cellular Respiration Bellwork New Information: Cellular Respiration Lab/Activity: Start virtual lab (cellular respiration and photosynthesis) HW- none

Bellwork 11/13/14 1. Which process do elk and other Yellowstone animals use to convert energy in their food into ATP? A. cellular respiration B. filtration C. osmosis D. photosynthesis 2. What directly supplies the energy needed to actively transport sodium ions across the plasma membrane of a cell? A. DNA B. ATP C. enzymes D. lipids

AdenineRibose3 Phosphate groups ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate Energy storage molecule

Formation of ATP ADP Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery ATP stores enough energy for many cellular functions.

AdenineRibose3 Phosphate groups ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate ATP

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Mitochondrion C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) (In prokaryotes, cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and cell membrane.)

Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (no oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid Energy for Life Processes Cellular Respiration: chemical energy stored in glucose is released by breaking bonds and is transferred into ATP molecules.

Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration O2O2 CO 2 H2OH2O Electrons in NADH, FADH 2

Glucose To the electron transport chain 2 Pyruvic acids Glycolysis Glyco (glucose), lysis (cutting) 2 ATP’s4 ATP’s = 2 ATP’s Net Gain NO O 2 REQUIRED FOR GLYCOLYSIS!! Occurs in cytoplasm

Glucose To the electron transport chain 2 Pyruvic acids Glycolysis Glyco (glucose), lysis (cutting) 2 ATP’s4 ATP’s = 2 ATP’s Net Gain What’s produced during glycolysis? 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic acids 2 NADH (carrying 2 high energy electrons)

Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid If O 2 is present, glycolysis leads to AEROBIC cellular respiration (the Krebs aka Citric Acid Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain). AEROBIC cellular respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP)

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O) + ATP Glucose (C 6 H ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Aerobic Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle Electron Transport Chain C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP)

Kreb’s Cycle What’s produced during the Krebs Cycle? 1. CO 2 (exhaled as waste) 2. NADH and FADH 2 (with high energy electrons!) 3. 2 ATP

Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration The high-energy electrons produced in glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle go on the electron transport chain to convert ADP into ATP. O2O2 CO 2 H2OH2O

Electron Transport Chain e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- Oxygen - binds with two waste products (2 H + & 2 electrons) to produce H 2 O: this is why O 2 is essential! 32 ATPs Net Gain per Glucose

Electron Transport Chain Oxygen - binds with two waste products (2 H + & 2 electrons) to produce H 2 O: this is why O 2 is essential! 32 ATP’s Net Gain per Glucose

Electron Transport Chain Oxygen - binds with two waste products (2 H + & 2 electrons) to produce H 2 O: this is why O 2 is essential! What’s produced? 32 ATP H 2 O

AdenineRibose3 Phosphate groups ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate Energy storage molecule

Cellular Respiration Overview (Eukaryotes) 2 ATP + 2 ATP + 32 ATP = 36 ATP’s glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron Transport Pyruvate NADH NADH, FADH2

Agenda 11/14/14- Cellular Respiration Bellwork New Information: Fermentation- how do cells manage to get energy without oxygen? Lab/Activity: finish lab, finish questions (HW if not done in class) Quiz Monday- study! Rest of packet due Tuesday

Bellwork

Cellular Respiration Overview (Eukaryotes) 2 ATP + 2 ATP + 32 ATP = 36 ATP’s glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron Transport Pyruvate NADH NADH, FADH2

Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (no oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid Energy for Life Processes Cellular Respiration: chemical energy stored in glucose is released by breaking bonds and is transferred into ATP molecules.

Overview of Cellular Respiration Glycolosis –Where: cytosol (cytoplasm) –Products: 2 pyruvic acid molecules 2 ATP 2 NADH

Overview of Cellular Respiration Krebs Cycle –Only if O 2 is present! –Where: Mitochondrion (matrix) –Products: 2 ATP NADH and FADH 2

Overview of Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain –Only happens if O 2 present! –Where: Inner membrane of mitochondrion –Products: H 2 O 32 ATP

What if no Oxygen is available? Ex: Anaerobic exercise Only Glycolysis can run. 2 ATP’s per Glucose molecule. Only 1/18th or 5% of the energy is produced. This is why sprinters can’t run forever!

Fermentation Anaerobic (an= no, aero= oxygen) Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, doesn’t require oxygen If no oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by fermentation In eukaryotes, lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD + When the body can’t provide the tissues with enough O 2, this process occurs (as during rapid exercise).

Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH Alcohol + CO 2 + NAD + Conducted by yeast (causes bread to rise because CO 2 produced)

Endosymbiotic Theory (Lynn Margulis, 1981) Mitochondria and chloroplasts may have originated as free-living prokaryotes that lived symbiotically within cells, leading to eukaryotes. Evidence: –Circular DNA –Two or more cell membranes, with the innermost one similar to prokaryotic cell membranes –Ribosomes

Compare/Contrast PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Energy Storing or Releasing Products Reactants Location