America Moves to the City US Population doubled between 1870 & million Americans, 40% living in cities New York, Philadelphia, Chicago all had over 1 million inhabitants Skyscrapers, mass transit, tenements, high immigration, especially from E. and S. Europe
Jane Addams Founder of Hull House Winner of Nobel Peace Prize
Carrie Nation “Kansas Cyclone”
Frances Willard WCTU Led “White Ribbon Army” for 20 years Most powerful female leader of her generation
Victoria Woodhull Ran for president, 1872 Published weekly scandal sheet Accused Henry Ward Beecher of adultery Opened brokerage firm on Wall St. Published first English translation of the Communist Manifesto in US Married 3 times Was prosecuted for sending obscenity through the mail under the Comstock law Won case in court
Mary Baker Eddy Founder of Christian Science Opposed modern medicine Believed prayer cures sickness
“The Loop” in downtown Chicago
Building the New York subway system
Central Park, New York City
“Liberty Enlightening the World” Dedicated 1886 Sculpted by Frederic Bartholdi with help from Gustave Eiffel
Ellis Island, New York harbor
Rebuilding Chicago after the Great Fire of 1871
L.Sullivan Louis Sullivan Chicago Architect “Form Follows Function”
Flat Iron Building
First “Department Store”—Macy’s
Industrial Age brought new jobs for women: Secretaries Department store clerks Bookkeepers Telephone operators
Richard Sears First “Mail-order” Millionaire
Clara Barton founded the Red Cross in 1881
Carrie Chapman Catt National American Women’s Suffrage Association
Emma Goldman Anarchist agitator and propagandist
“Big Bill” Haywood “Mother” Jones
Most popular cultural fad of 1890s
“The Gibson Girl”
Dwight L. Moody Former Chicago shoe salesman Fundamentalist evangelical preacher Founder of Moody Bible Institute
Stephen Crane Realism Naturalism The Red Badge of Courage The Open Boat
Edward Bellamy Looking Backward, a futuristic utopian novel
Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism “Survival of the fittest”
Horatio Alger wrote many “rags to riches” stories, especially targeting young male readers
Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie An American Tragedy
Biglen Brothers Racing
Breezin’ Up
Andrew Carnegie, millionaire industrialist and philanthropist
Cornelius Vanderbilt “The Commodore”
Vanderbilt Mansion Newport, RI
John D. Rockefeller
Junius Pierpont Morgan
Thomas Edison
Booker T. Washington Founder of Tuskegee Institute
W.E.B. DuBois Co-founder of NAACP PhD from Harvard Wrote “The Souls of Black Folk”
Ida Wells Barnett