Major and Minor Groups on the Periodic Table

1. Representative Elements

Notes Groups 1, 2, Feature all of the possible properties for elements on the periodic table They “represent” the other elements Examples: Metals, Non-Metals, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Positive Ions, Negative Ions …..etc

Noble Gases

Notes Group 18 Elements All Gases Most stable elements that exist on the entire table Have 8 valence electrons (Full Shell) No Need to react with any other elements Called “Inert Gases”

Transition Metals

Notes Groups 3-12 Middle of the Table All are metals, all form positive ions Lose electrons when reacting When alone have metallic bonds Can have multiple charges Able to shift valence electrons to different orbitals to achieve stability Form colored solutions

Inner Transition Metals

Notes Elements that have been pulled out Rare elements Not typically found in nature Some are man made, others radioactive Have lots of electrons but are not very reactive

Specific Group/Family Headings

Group 1 Alkali Metals

Notes Easily Lose Electrons All have a charge of +1 All lose 1 electron when reacting Never found alone in nature due to their high level of reactivity Can only form ionic bonds Fr is the most active metal on the table but due to high instability is rarely found Most active group of metals Very low ionization energies and very low electronegativity values

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

Notes Not as reactive as group 1, but still reactive Have +2 ionic charges Always lose 2 valence electrons during reactions Not found alone in nature Commonly form bases

Group 13/Boron Family

Group 14 Carbon Family

Notes Carbon only forms covalent bonds Group moves from non-metal at top, to metalloid, and finally onto metals

Group 15 Nitrogen Family

Notes Starts with non-metals at top, moves onto metalloids and finally ends with metals

Group 16 Oxygen Family

Group 17 Halogens

Notes All in the group are non-metals except for At Metallic properties increase down the group Only group with all 3 states of matter (F, Cl are gases, Br is a liquid, and I and At are solids) Highly reactive (most reactive non-metals) All Gain 1 electron in reactions Have ionic charges of -1 Fluorine is most reactive non-metal All have high ionization energies and high electronegativity values

Group 18 Nobel Gases