Chapter 3&4

 5 Basic Principles Revisited  1) Popular Sovereignty …  Definition and your own example  2) Separation of Power  Judicial Branch  3) Checks and Balances  Why? When it doesn’t work …  4) Limited Government  Fences … Keeping the Government in and out  5) Federalism  The Cakes

 Power to the people …  Slavery  Abortion  Same-Sex Marriage  Multi-Racial Schools

 Supreme Court Facts  9 Judges  John Roberts Chief Justice  Breakdown by President  Breakdown by Age  Breakdown by Political Party

 To keep the three branches even and no one branch too powerful  Reminder of how they are checking each  The dangers of one branch not balanced  Andrew Jackson  Richard Nixon  George Bush??

 The supposed limits to government and the constitution  Limits to the government – keeping the government in a fence – bound to the constitutional limits  Dangers of limiting the government to just the constitution – Thomas Jefferson  New Federalism

 The division of governmental power between the National and State governments  The Government in Washington DC and the State Government in Boise, etc.  History of Confederation …  Articles of Confederation  CSA  Texas and State Power

 P.45  Power to the National Government  Power to the State Government  Concurrent Powers  Prohibited Powers  Federal/State Responsibilities  State to State Obligation  National Supreme  Civil War  Commerce Clause  Civil Rights Amendments  Federal Grants and Mandates

 Dual Federalism  Early History – Two separate Levels  Limited (Supreme) powers to National  Everything else to the States  Layered Cake  Cooperative Federalism  Mixed levels of government  Marble Cake  New Federalism  Since President Nixon (Republican) way of shrinking responsibility and size (Not George Bush II)  What kind of Cake?

 National Powers  State Powers  Concurrent Powers  Prohibited Powers

State Government Reserved Powers Delegated Powers National Government Both Concurrent Powers

 Delegated Power – powers expressed in the constitution directly in the Constitution for the National Government to regulate.  Declare War, Coin Money, Copy Rights  Implied Powers – powers reasonably inferred in the from the constitution. Elastic Clause (Art. 1 Sec. 8)  Laws that are necessary and proper to carry out gov.  Air Force, Buying Land (LA Purchase), Supreme Court  Inherent powers - powers that usually deal with foreign affairs  acquire land (bases), immigration policy, war on terrorism

 Reserved Powers – powers not delegated to the states and not denied to the states.  Guaranteed by 10 th Amendment  Establishing/monitoring local government  Regulate trade within the state  Ratifying amendments to the Constitution

 Powers held by both the state and national governments. No exclusive power is given to national government, no power denied to states  Levying and collecting taxes  Establish and maintain separate court systems  Law enforcement  Health and welfare  Borrow money

 Powers restricted or denied to the national governments, state governments, or both.  Can’t take tax exports  States from making treaties  Individual rights

 National Security - Military  Interstate Harmony – Between States  Domestic Tranquility – Social harmony  Infrastructure – Bridges/Roads

 States must meet their responsibilities to the federal government in several ways.  States are responsible for public elections.  Ratify the Constitution  Cover what the Federal Government refuses to do.

 Outlines the obligations each state has to every other states.  “Full Faith and Credit” – each state recognizes the records of other states.  Public acts, records, auto loans  Marriage ??  Extradition of criminals

 McCulloch v. Maryland – national government supreme to the states in Constitutional matters.  Civil War – By the South losing the Civil War, the Union was supreme to the states and States Sovereignty is secondary to National supremacy.  Commerce Clause – the national government moderates interstate trade. (Native Americans)  Civil Rights – Amendments and rulings to insure the rights of minorities.

 Division of power between the national and state governments.  Overlapping funds  Federal government provides funds/regulations that affect lower levels  Important to State and local governments, municipalities.

 Federal government has always had influence over states through grants-in-aid (money to finance their programs –see below)  Kinds of grants …  Categorical Grants – strings attached  Block Grants – general funds and up to the states to decide how to spend  Revenue Sharing – a potion of the federal monies returned to the states and local governments

 A rule issued by the federal government to the states.  An order from the federal government that is not necessarily backed with money.  Most mandates are concerned with civil rights and protection of the environment.

 1 st Amendment (Freedoms …)  Religion  Press  Petition  Speech  Assemble  2 nd Amendment (Right to BEAR ARMS)  State Militia  Personal Firearms  Freedoms to they end of my nose …  Limits to all amendments

 Be aware this is the primaries  Democrats vs. Democrats  Republicans vs. Republicans  Know the Candidates and the Issues that might get them elected and the problems they face getting the nomination  BE ABLE TO NAME AND DISCUSS ONE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FOR ALL THE CANDIDATES (REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRAT)

 Hillary Clinton  Barack Obama  John Edwards  Joe Biden  Chris Dodd  Bill Richardson  Dennis Kucinich  For more info click on the link … 

 Mike Huckabee  Mitt Romney  John McCain  Fred Thompson  Rudy Giuliani  Ron Paul  Tom Tancredo  Duncan Hunter  For more info click on the link … 

 Supreme Court - Highest Court in the Land  9 Judges, 8 Men-1 Woman  By Age  By President  By Party  Possible Changes  What it means to the decisions?

 How decisions are made …  How it gets to the Supreme Court …  Number of Cases, Number heard …