Wearable electronics and textile applications Erika Györvary

Outline of the presentation Smart shirt with electronics resulting from EC IST WEALTHY project Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 1

Wearable electronics and textile applications Leisure and fun Sport Professional Health / telemonitoring Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 2

Intelligent tele-alarm system Portable biomedical devices Intelligent tele-alarm system Objective Development of an automatic and reliable fall detector Features Activity monitoring Detection rate of 95% Interactive functionality RF alarm transmission Interface with base station Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 3

PULSEAR Objective integration of HR monitor in an earphone Portable biomedical devices PULSEAR Objective integration of HR monitor in an earphone Technology platform optical sensing of pulsatile blood flow acceleration sensing for motion artefacts removal Key features comfortable and non-invasive method robust and reliable pulse detection during sport activities low-power consumption Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 4

SENSATION – non-invasive hemodynamic sensor Portable biomedical devices SENSATION – non-invasive hemodynamic sensor Objective development of a robust, non-invasive oximetry sensors different targets (earphone, fingering) Technology platform optical sensing of pulsatile blood flow with acceleration sensing for motion artifact removal Key features differential SpO2 measurement integrated sensor unit (ambient artifacts) wireless active artifact cancellation for long term monitoring under real life conditions Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 5

Parkinson disease management Portable biomedical devices Parkinson disease management Objective Monitoring of patients suffering from Parkinson disease or spasticity Eventually closing the loop for drug dispensing Features Wireless monitoring of tremor and spasticity parameters Acquisition on several limbs Data collection on portable base unit (body area network) On-body signal processing Downloading (Ethernet or USB) Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 6

Monitoring of physiological signals Portable biomedical devices Monitoring of physiological signals EOC : electro-oculography EMG : electromyogram (muscles) Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 7

LTMS - Aurora Programme Portable biomedical devices LTMS - Aurora Programme Objective architecture design of intelligent and comfortable monitoring system Features monitoring ECG, SpO2, respiration, activity and NIBP wireless communication to base station data management and transmission from Concordia to Europe Pour Mars 2028 ! Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 8

From multi-parameters to redundant sensors: textiles Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 9

Roles of the on-body electronics Provide a wired interface with the garment sensors Provide a wireless interface with a mobile phone or PDA and a link to the professional interface Perform signal acquisition, digital conversion and local data storage Perform signal processing (feature extraction, classification, etc.) Manage the wearable application Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 10

Textile Platforms: Second skin Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 11

Textile Platforms: Catsuit and long sleeve Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 12

Bed sheets Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 13

Plethysmography by piezoresistive fabric Two piezoresistive fabric sensors integrated in a seamless shirt providing information about thoracic and abdominal respiration Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 14

Strain sensors based on carbon loaded silicone coating Piezoresistive sensors originated from a coating process by using carbon loaded silicone Sensor advantages Easy to wear Multi-dimensional movement representation Fast response to stretching Sensor disadvantages Long settling time after relaxing High to very high impedance values Tracks connected in series Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 15

Patient Portable Unit Small and Lightweight Only 145g, small PDA size Easy user interface Data transmission over GPRS link Sensor interfaces for: 5-lead ECG Impedance measurement (respiration) Piezo-resistive bands (movement) Skin temperature Standard oximetry sensor Integrated accelerometers Signal processing Heart rate ECG enhancement Powered by a Li-Ion battery Autonomy up to 4 hours with real-time streaming of all signals over GPRS Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 16

MyHeart electronics Acquired signals Communication Size 3-lead ECG (5 and 6 elec.) 1 impedance cardiogram (ICG) 1 respiration by impedance 1 respiration by piezo-resistance 1 skin impedance 3D or 2x2D accelerometers 1 respiration sound 32 strain resistance (FE-2) Communication Download of stored data and streaming mode over Bluetooth Link with mobile phone and PC Size 88 x 67 x 18 mm 100 grams (incl. battery) Generic processing modules HR, RR, ECG index features BR, BA features ACC fo, power, motion index Activity classification Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 17

The journey to tomorrow Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 18

Cardiovascular diseases and rehabilitation SFIT: today Cardiovascular diseases and rehabilitation Sensing, processing and communicating EC IST MyHeart & Wealthy projects Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 19

SFIT: tomorrow Microsystems physical sensors (attitude, fall, health, …) Micro-communicating: sensor interface, processing and wireless Flexible displays Nano-engineered surfaces Conductive fabrics Micro-interfaces Point of care Micro-energy generators Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 20

SFIT: the journey to tomorrow, the main trends Adding biochemical sensors to physiological measurements From monitoring single parameter to multiple parameters Adding actuation capability to sensing and monitoring (closing the loop) Towards fully autonomous system (energy, communication, actuation) Towards implementing plastic electronics Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 21

BIOTEX as part of an instrumented textile roadmap Current developments are mainly focused on physiological measurements with first applications targeting sport monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular risk Biochemical measurements of on-body fluids are needed to tackle very important health and safety issues European co-financed FP6 STREP project started in September 2005 and lasting 30 months Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 22

Hydrogel Opal Sensors Hydrogel inverse opal : 3D mesoporous ordered hydrogel structure using a polystyrene opal template Measurable shift in the diffracted wavelength with swelling of the hydrogel inverse opal Reversible swelling of antigen-responsive hydrogel (competitive immunoassay) Connection of the sensor to a spectrophotometer and incorporation into a textile for wound healing monitoring Air pH2 pH7 Hydrogel colorimetric sensors are obtained with the combination of diffracting opal structures and responsive hydrogels. Responsive hydrogels are hydrated polymers that swell or shrink in response to an external stimulus. In the case of antigen-responsive hydrogels, changes in the volume are stimulated by interactions between the polymer chains in the hydrogel, when interrelated compounds (antigen-antibody pair) are grafted to the chains. The hydrogel proportionally swells in the presence of the antigen in solution, as a consequence of a competition between the free and the bound antigen. Opals - crystalline colloidal arrays - diffract visible light when the crystal lattice periodicity is in the same range as the wavelength of light. Inverse opals are obtained by infiltration of hydrogel monomers into the opal template, photopolymerization and cross-linking of the gel and dissolution of the beads. Swelling of the hydrogel inverse opal as a function of the concentration of the antigen results in a change in the lattice periodicity and leads to a measurable shift in the diffraction wavelength. Hydrogel colorimetric immunosensors are being developed for the measurement of histamine and/or VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) concentrations in wounds, in order to monitor the evolution of the wound healing process. The sensor is in direct contact with the wound and connected to a light source and to a spectrophotometer with optical fibres. Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 23

Protection e-textiles, micro-nano structured fiber systems for emergency-disaster wear ProeTEX Textile and fiber-based integrated smart wearables for emergency disaster intervention personnel Improvement of safety, coordination and efficiency of professionals Optimization of survivor management European co-financed FP6 IP project started in February 2006 and lasting 48 months Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 24

Plastic Optical Fibers integrated in the fabrics Source: Penelope Wearable electronics | EGv | Page 25

Thank you for your attention.