Köln- The 4 th largest city in Deutschland o

Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral) Construction began in 1248 to house the remains of the 3 kings. (the ones who brought gifts of gold, frankencense, & myrrh)

Ancient Roman Mosaic tiles at the Roemisch- Germanisches Museum The area now known as Cologne (Köln in German) was first established as a city by a Germanic Tribe in 38 BC ! That means Köln (Cologne in English) has been around more than 2,050 years!!! The Romans called it Colonia in 50 AD (That’s 1,964 years ago!)

The Rhein (Rhine) River The Rhein (English-Rhine ) River is a major and world famous river that flows through Germany. The Rhine (Rhein) flows by Köln (Cologne). The star on the map shows where Köln (Cologne) is.

Castles on the Rhine Chatfield students checking out the castles on the Rhine River. The wealthy built castles along this major trade route to collect tolls for all ships wanting to pass. The castles are tourist attractions you can visit today.

Lots of trains in Germany You can get almost anywhere with public transportation in Germany. Traveling in Germany is easy and you don’t need to drive. In fact Germans can’t get their license until they are 18.

Berlin Capitol and largest city in Deutschland

Brandenburger Tor This entrance gate to Berlin was finished in 1791 and lead directly to the Prussian King’s palace. The King and the royal family were the only ones allowed to go through the center arch, “commoners” could only go through the side passages. The path to the gate was called “Unter den Linden” (because it was lined by linden trees) The gate was to symbolize peace. The Quadriga at the top was 4 horses pulling a chariot driven by the Goddess of peace.

Artist Charles Meynier Title Deutsch: Napoleon in Berlin Napoleon captured the city of Berlin in 1806 and took the Quadriga as a trophy of his victory. He kept it in storage in Paris until he was defeated in 1814 and the Quadriga was returned to Berlin. When it was returned to Berlin the Goddess was given an iron cross and Eagle (to show Prussian power) and a wreath of oak leaves. This made her the Goddess of Victory.

1953 sign: Caution! You are now leaving West Berlin During WWII the Nazis used the gate as a symbol of their Party. The gate was badly damaged during the bombings of Berlin, but it was one of the few things left standing by the end of the war Germany was split into 2 countries after the war and the East & West German governments worked together to repair the gate.

August 13, 1961 After WWII Germany was occupied by the winning forces (France, England, Russia & U.S. ) England, France & U.S. decided to help Germany become an independent democratic country. Russia disagreed and wanted Germany to become a communist country. People were leaving The Russian zone, so Russia built a wall and people could no longer go to the “democratic” side. Berlin was in East (communist) Germany, but since it was the capital city, it was divided by the winning forces (democratic winning forces had part & Russia had part). The wall divided the city.

View from the East 1982 This was blocked off. You could no longer get to the Brandenburg Tor. Behind the Tor is the actual “Wall”.

The Berlin Wall is on the right, to the left you can see the gate that was in the last picture. Ost=East and West=West. If your neighbor lived in East Berlin and you lived in West, there was no way to see them, talk to them or communicate with them anymore. You were completely cut off. Unimaginable! What if it was your brother/sister/parents?

The Tor in November 1989 In 1989, the wall was opened and people could travel freely again!!! A huge celebration for The Germans!! They were reunited. In 1990, Germany became a united country again!!!!!

The Quadriga The Quadriga was removed from the Brandenburger Tor and repaired. The Gate was opened again on the anniversary of reunification.

Euro Coins The Brandenburg Gate is on the 50,20 and 10 cent German Euro coins.

Here’s what the Gate looks like today

Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall Trail Open Air Gallery We visited what is left of the Berlin wall in 2011

Checkpoint Charlie Allied Museum This is a Berlin Museum. They have all the accounts of people trying To escape from East Germany (communist) to West Germany (democratic) Many people lost their lives in their attempts.

Brandenburg Gate at night

Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin

Mϋnchen (Munich) 3 rd largest city in Deutschland Capitol of Bayern (Bavaria) a land of its own! 1164 Munich is 1 st mentioned in a document

Ranked as one of the most livable and friendly city! München mag dich! (Munich likes you) These are some food specialties from Munich. The sausage are called “weiss wurst” can you guess why? Bretzel = pretzel

Das Karlstor ist eines der vier alten Stadttore und markiert zugleich den Eingang zur belebten Fußgängerzone und Shoppingmeile Kaufingerstraße. Divides altstadt und „neuestadt“. Between 1285 and 1387, was part of a second fortification surrounding the city. Rebuilt somewhat simpler after WWII. In 1970 found a tunnel leading under it to city outskirts. Built as an escape route to get behind enemy lines. Famous old city gate in Munich

Neues Rathaus (new Munich city hall) Gebaut zwischen 1867 und 1907

Altes RathausAltes Rathaus (old city hall) was first mentioned in But was completely destroyed by fire in Between 1470 and 1480, the old town hall was rebuilt in Gothic style. The building was completely destroyed again during the second world war, but rebuilt afterwards following the original 15th century plans.

Marienplatz City square in Munich

The Devil’s Footprint Tomb of Emperor Ludwig IV of Bavaria (the state Munich is in) Die Frauenkirche (aka: Dom zu unsere lieben Frau) Foundation laid in Built in record time (just under 20 years)

BMW (Bayrische Motor Werke) Headquartered in Munich Alliance Stadium- home of 3 pro soccer Teams.

Hamburg Port City 2 nd largest city in Deutschland 1 st permanent building was a castle for Charlemagne in 808

The Elbe River

Der Weser