THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE Part 5: Recovery Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

YOURNATIONYOURNATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS MONITORING HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATIONR RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EM RESPONSE RECOVERY 5 PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

DISASTER RESILIENCE IS A FAILED POLICY WITHOUT THE ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FIVE INTEGRATED POLICIES (i.e., The Five Pillars of Disaster Resilience)

WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS, THE FIRST PILLAR? (Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the disaster agents of a natural hazard from causing a disaster (Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the disaster agents of a natural hazard from causing a disaster

WHAT IS PROTECTION, THE SECOND PILLAR? Protection is a mandated state of robustness and strength for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function when a natural hazard ocurs Protection is a mandated state of robustness and strength for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function when a natural hazard ocurs

WHAT IS EARLY WARNING, THE THIRD PILLAR? Early Warning is a state of monitoring and messaging “in the moment” that activates evacuation plans to save lives and accelerates site-specific preparedness to protect property Early Warning is a state of monitoring and messaging “in the moment” that activates evacuation plans to save lives and accelerates site-specific preparedness to protect property

WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE, THE FOURTH PILLAR? Emergency Response is a myriad of scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during a twenty-four hour and twenty-one day “race against time” to save lives and protect property Emergency Response is a myriad of scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during a twenty-four hour and twenty-one day “race against time” to save lives and protect property

WHAT IS RECOVERY, THE FIFTH PILLAR? Recovery is A period of up to ten years marked by an all out effort to restore essential services to normal, to repair and reconstruct damaged buildings and infrastructure, and to revive the economy Recovery is A period of up to ten years marked by an all out effort to restore essential services to normal, to repair and reconstruct damaged buildings and infrastructure, and to revive the economy

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY IT IS AN INTENSE PERIOD: Up to 10 years are required to plan, fund, and implement the kinds of multi-faceted restoration, repair, and reconstruction activities that are needed to restore life in the community to normal again.

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY PUBLIC PRESSURE: The political priority is to meet the urgent needs of the people IMMEDIATELY, but the default position is AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY SELF INSURANCE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE: When available, money from loss indemnification casualty insurance helps to start the repair and reconstruction quickly. LIMITS OF PROTECTION: Insured buildings and infrastructure are usually USUALLY restored to the pre-event level of protection; SOMETIMES MORE.

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE: Avail- able in many cases, but not all cases. POLICY CHANGES: Public officials use the recovery period as a “Window of Opportunity” to adopt and implement new policies based on the lessons on preparedness, protection, early warning, and emergency response learned from the event.

THE GOAL DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE: CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

REALITY UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY LACK OF DISASTER RESILIENCE INSUFFICIENT CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AFTER A NATURAL HAZARD STRIKES

ANY COMMUNITY CAN INCREASE ITS CAPABILITY FOR COST- EFFECTIVE RECOVERY DURING THE INTENSE PERIOD OF UP TO TEN YEARS AFTER A NATURAL HAZARD STRIKES

THE CAPABILITY FOR RECOVERY INCREASES AS A COMMUNITY’S CAPABILITY TO PREPARE, PROTECT, WARN, AND RESPOND INCREASES

EXAMPLE: KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE: JANUARY 17, 1995

KOBE, JAPAN ? ?

ANTICIPATION IS THE KEY TO PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTION WHERE AND WHEN WILL THE EARTHQUAKE LIKELY OCCUR? HOW BIG OR STRONG IS IT LIKELY TO BE? HOW STRONG ARE THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS LIKELY TO BE? WHERE AND WHEN WILL THE EARTHQUAKE LIKELY OCCUR? HOW BIG OR STRONG IS IT LIKELY TO BE? HOW STRONG ARE THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS LIKELY TO BE?

WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED (Continued)? WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK? WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA- STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK? WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL- NERABILITIES WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK? WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA- STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK? WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL- NERABILITIES

CONCLUSION: KOBE NEEDED TO BE READY FOR: STRONG GROUND SHAKING, LIQUE- FACTION, LANDSLIDES, AND POSSIBLE TSUNAMI WAVES POSSIBLE FIRES DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE WIDE-SPREAD LOSSES OF FUNCTION DEATHS AND INJURIES ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

CONCLUSION KOBE WAS A “PREPAREDNESS” AND “PROTECTION” FAILURE “EMERGENCY RESPONSE” AND “RECOVERY” SUCCESSES

EXAMPLE: NATIONS ADJACENT TO INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI DECEMBER 26, 2004

NATIONS AT RISK FROM TSUNAMIS

THE INDIAN-OCEAN NATIONS NEEDED TO BE READY FOR : TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP COASTAL AREAS INUNDATED AND ERODED BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN COASTAL AREAS DAMAGED WITH LOSSES OF FUNCTION 200,000 + DEATHS AND INJURIES ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

DECEMBER 26, 2004 INDONESIA EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI DISASTER TRIGGERED BY A SHALLOW, M 9.0 EARTHQUAKE LOCATED 155 MILES FROM SUMATRA 10 M TSUNAMI WAVES WITH RUNUP OF ABOUT 2 MILES DEVASTATED SHORE LINES OF 12 NATIONS NO EARLY WARNING 0VER 200,000 PEOPLE KILLED

DECEMBER 26, 2004 INDONESIA EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI DISASTER MILLIONS DISPLACED FROM HOMES BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEEDED FOR RECONSTRUCTION INTERNATIONAL AID COORDINATED BY INDIA, AUSTRALIA, JAPAN, AND USA

CONCLUSION THE INDIAN-OCEAN NATIONS WERE “EARLY WARNING” AND “EMERGENCY RESPONSE” FAILURES “RECOVERY” SUCCESSES?? (due to limited areas of impact in each nation)

EXAMPLE: THE PHILIPPINES 2013 TYPHOON SEASON

THE PHILIPPINES

THE PHILIPPINES NEEDED TO BE READY FOR : LANDFALL OF TROPICAL STORMS, TYPHOONS, AND A POSSIBLE SUPER TYPHOON, WHICH HAPPENED 11/08/13 FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGED WITH LOSSES OF FUNCTION DEATHS AND INJURIES ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

LANDFALL ON FRIDAY MORNING, NOV. 8, 2013

FOUR HOURS OF FEAR AND DESTRUCTION Winds flattened hundreds of homes, Heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and flash flooding. A storm surge with waves of up to 10 m (30 feet) destroyed everything, sweeping people away and drowning thousands. Authorities said almost 800,000 people were evacuated to emergency shelters.

INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Wide spread flooding, mudslides, and power outages Winds of 380 kph (290 mph) TACLOBAN hit very hard by the storm surge with many deaths Tacloban’s airport destroyed

INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Loss of communication Estimates of up to 10,000 people dead Economic losses in the billions

AN EVACUATION CENTER

DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

USA MILITARY FORCES DISPATCHED TO ASSIST THE PHILIPPINES IN WHAT HAS BECOME A HISTORIC RELIEF EFFORT

CONCLUSION THE PHILIPPINES WERE “EARLY WARNING” SUCCESSES, BUT “PREPAREDNESS” AND “EMERGENCY RESPONSE” FAILURES** “RECOVERY” IS STILL UNDERWAY

**RATED AS PROBABLY THE STRONGEST TYPHOON EVER TO STRIKE THE PHILIPPINES SO, COST-EFFECTIVE “EMERGENCY RESPONSE” PROBABLY IMPOSSIBLE FOR ANY NATION

CONCLUSION EVERY YEAR, EVERY NATION HAS DOZENS OF “WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY” AFTER A NATURAL HAZARD STRIKES TO USE THE UPDATED BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE FOR INNOVATIVE CAPACITY BUILDING OF ALL FIVE PILLARS