First President and the Bill of Rights Chapter 9, Lesson 1 Create your title page for Chapter Nine.

HISTO: Do you think one man alone can guide and lead a country by himself? Why or Why not?

What do we already know? Articles of Confederation did not work, why? What branch of government needed to be strengthened? President Washington is going to take office.

President Washington Took oath as first President under the constitution on April 30, John Adams became his Vice President Washington knew his actions and decisions would set PRECEDENTS. “No slip will pass unnoticed.” -Washington

What Washington did: Worked closely with Congress to create effective government President and Congress created departments within executive branch Set up court system Congress added Bill of Rights to Constitution Washington set a standard of how long a president should serve

Cabinet Took shape in the summer of 1789 Washington chose the leading political figures. These men would give advice to the president and would later become known as the Cabinet. What qualities would make a good cabinet member?

State Department Thomas Jefferson was selected to be the head of this department Handles relations with other countries

Department of Treasury Lead by Alexander Hamilton Manage nation’s money

Department of War Henry Knox was selected to be the secretary of this department.

Attorney General Edmund Randolph Would handle legal affairs

Then and Now 1789 Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Defense Attorney General 2015 Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Defense Attorney General Secretary of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Energy Secretary of Education Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security

Establishing a Court System UNIFORM legal system vs. Existing state system Decision reached

Judiciary Act of 1789 Established federal court system States kept own laws and courts BUT federal courts had the power to reverse state decisions. Created a strong independent national judicial system Supreme Court established- FINAL authority. John Jay chosen to be Chief Justice of the court.

Bill of Rights Some states agreed to ratify the constitution only with the promise that the Bill of Rights would be added. December 1791 the Bill of rights were added. Ten Amendments Limits the power of the government

First Amendment Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. You can choose your religion You can gather together for meetings You can write a letter to the government asking for changes and get friends to sign it. Freedom of speech and press

2 nd Amendment A well regulated militia being necessary for the security of the free state and right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Militia= citizen army – every state has one – National Guard. People have different view points as to what all this amendment can mean.

3 rd Amendment Soldiers cannot be quartered in the homes of private citizens. Think back to the Quartering Act with the colonist.

4 th Amendment Citizens and their belongings cannot be searched or seized without proper cause. What are some proper causes?

5 th Amendment You can not be tried twice for the same crime. You do not have to testify if you do not want to. Must have due process of law Can’t be punished until found guilty

6 th Amendment Anyone accused of a crime has the right to be tried by a jury. What type of people serve on a jury?

7 th Amendment You have the right to request a jury in lawsuits involving $20 or more. Today, if the trial does not involve a significant amount then a judge can decide what to be done.

8 th Amendment Forbids cruel and unusual punishment No unusual high bail fees or fines

9 th Amendment People have rights besides those listed in the Constitution. The founding fathers knew they could not think of everything. As long as something is not stated in the law and you are not causing harm, you are free to do it. Examples: traveling or buying a house

10 th Amendment The states have all the powers not expressly given to the federal government as long as it doesn’t conflict with the constitution. States have power to: Set up schools and colleges Build highways Have their own police force Provide licenses for doctors, teachers, nurses, etc… Issue drivers and marriage licenses

Activity While working in groups you will create 4-5 different scenarios that go against the Bill of Rights. We will then have a group discussion over each scenario and try to guess which amendment that scenario violates. Write the scenarios on a sheet of paper as well as the names of everyone in your group.

Example John was arrested for stealing candy from the store, as his punishment he had to be tied to a tree for 72 hours. What amendment does this violate?

Histo WRITE ON NOTECARD Why do you think George Washington’s presidency was so important in the development of a young nation? Write a paragraph to explain.

The New Economy Ch.9, Lesson 1

Hamilton vs. Jefferson and Madison Hamilton Proposed that the federal government take over and pay off state wartime debt. Proposed a national bank Proposed high tariffs Proposed national taxes Jefferson and Madison Opposed national bank – thought it would help the wealthy

Battle over the constitution and the national bank Hamilton believed the constitution indirectly gave congress the power to create the national bank because the constitution gave congress power to collect taxes and borrow money. Jefferson and Madison believed that the constitution doesn’t give congress power to make national bank, because it isn’t written.