Do you know the topic today? §What is the similarity among these drinks?

The above drinks contain …….

Introduction §Alkanols §Alcohols §General Formula C n H 2n+1 OH or (R-OH) §Functional Group - the hydroxyl group R-OH

IUPAC System of Naming §Choose the longest continuous carbon chain containing the -OH group §Final - e of the corresponding alkane name is changed to - ol

IUPAC System of Naming §Examples CH 3 OHmethanol CH 3 CH 2 OHethanol CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OHpropan-1-ol CH 3 CHOHCH 3 propan-2-ol

IUPAC System of Naming §Name the compound Answer : 2-methylpropan-2-ol CH 3 CH 3 - C - CH 3 OH

Structural Isomerism §Examples : C 3 H 7 OH have 2 structural isomers H H H H - C - C - C - H H H OH propan-1-ol H H H H - C - C - C - H H OH H propan-2-ol

Structural Isomerism §Quick check : Write down all the possible structural isomers of C 4 H 9 OH

Structural Isomerism CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 OH butan-1-ol CH 3 CH 3 - CH - CH 2 OH 2-methylpropan-2-ol CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 OH butan-2-ol CH 3 CH 3 - CH - CH 2 OH 2-methylpropan-1-ol

Effects of Alcoholic Drinks §All are poisonous §Methanol (CH 3 OH) is toxic §All alcoholic drinks contain ethanol §Small amounts have relaxing effect, but Large amounts is dangerous §Taken in large amount has an immediate bad effect of mental and physical performance.

Effects of Alcoholic Drinks §It affects the normal functioning of the nervous system §Excessive drinking of alcohol over a long period of time, leads to damage of liver and loss of memory §People may become addicted to it §Many health, family and social problems are due to these alcoholics

Advice SO DO NOT Drink

Manufacture of Ethanol §Ethanol from ethene §Ethanol from Fermentation

Ethanol from ethene §Industrial ethanol is formed from ethene, a petroleum product. §The flow diagram for ethanol manufacture by direct hydration of ethene Ethene  steam  FurnaceReactor Condensor ethanol + water

§The chemical equation: CH 2 =CH 2 + H 2 O  C 2 H 5 OH

Ethanol from fermentation Fermentation is the slow breakdown of large molecules to smaller molecules by micro-organism.

The sources are used §Ethanol has been made by fermentation for several thousand years. §The raw material is some form of starch or sugar such as : wheatrice potatoesgrapes apple &

barley

-Different Source can make different Alcoholic drinks.

Micro-organisms used –– Yeast §Zymase is an enzyme present in yeast. §Act as catalyst. §Conditions: room temperature and pressure. §Converts sugar to alkanol and CO 2. §For example: Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6,  C 6 H 12 O 6(aq)  CH 2 CH 2 OH ( )  CO 2 (g)

Fermentation of glucose in laboratory Solution of glucose with yeast Lime water ? CO 2

How to obtain a max. concentration of ethanol from fermentation §The yeast is killed when the proportion of ethanol reaches about 15%. §To obtain a further concentration of the solution, fractional distillation is used. §Max. concentration of the distillate is about 96%. §Pure ethanol (absolute ethanol) is obtained by using CaO (drying agent) to removed the traces of the water.

Uses of Alkanol 1.Physical Uses 2.Chemical Uses Solvents Beverage Fuel Vinegar Synthesis Ester Synthesis

1.Physical Uses A. Used as Solvent A. Polar Group OH B. Non-Polar Group CH 3 CH 2  Water Soluble  Oil Soluble Hence, Ethanol is Soluble in Both water and Oil Because Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH)contains :

1.Physical Uses B. Used as Bervage Hence, ethanol is used as Bervage Because Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH)contains : Ethanol is used as bervage because of its  GOOD TASTE  PROVIDE A RELEX SENSE

2.Chemical Uses A. Used as Fuel As much heat is given out from the above reaction, ethanol can be burnt as fuel Because burning of Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH)is highly exothermic CH 3 CH 2 OH + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O

C. Used in preparation Ester The Ester formed can be used as a food favoring. Because Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH) react with Ethanoic Acid to form Ester 2.Chemical Uses CH 3 CH 2 OH + CH 3 C OH O CH 3 C OCH 2 CH 3 O

C. Used in synthesis of Vinegar The Ethanoic acid formed is used as a main component in Vinegar. Because Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH) react with Oxidizing agent to form Ethanoic acid CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 3 C OH O 2.Chemical Uses [O]

Introducing Alkanols §The general formula: C n H 2n+1 OH or ROH §The molecule consist of a functional group - the _______ group (-OH) joined to an ____ group (R-). Revision

Introducing Alkanols §The general formula: C n H 2n+1 OH or ROH §The molecule consist of a functional group - the hydroxyl group (-OH) joined to an alky group (R-). Revision

Wrong!  Press the pink button

Revision The general formula of alkanol is A.C n H 2n OH B.C n H 2n+2 OH C.C n H 2n+1 OH D.C n H 2n-1 OH D C B A Press the pink button

Correct! 

2. Ethanol can be formed by two methods. They are Equation: CH 2 =CH 2 + H 2 O  C 2 H 5 OH ? Hydration of ethene ? Fermentation Equation: C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq)  CH 2 CH 2 OH (l)  CO 2 (g)

The FIVE uses of Ethanol Used as Solvent Used as Bervage Used as Fuel Used in preparation Ester Used in synthesis of Vinegar