PIA 3090 Comparative Public Administration
Presentations 1. Golden Oldies 2. Literary Map 3. Grand Synthesis
The Issues Recruitment, Education and Training
Focus: Entry into Public Sector Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected?
Three Models of Recruitment Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability
Discussion What is the best way to recruit?
Recruitment Problems a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions
Human Resource Development 1. The Key to Merit 2.Issue: the difference between Education and Training 3. Professional vs. Management
Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- Importance of "Professional Class” Role of Professional Schools in producing that class. U.S model of open System
U.S. System Early, middle or late entry Deep political control and The possibility of "in and out"
TEN MINUTE BREAK
European Systems- Inherited by Much of World 1. Historically closed 2. Class based and 3. Limited to early entry
Differences in Closed Classes Differences in Closed Classes- administrative professional Executive Technical Clerical Industrial Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education
Armstrong's Classification Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision) Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Soviet reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)
Territorial Administration Issue: use of Prefects for control: Geographic Administrators- appointed from the Center. Eg. Governors in Putin’s Russia Integrated vs. Un-integrated Territorial vs. Function
Top Administrators a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist b. Russia- Engineers c. France- Legal/Technical d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse
Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid a. Concept of training b. Public Administration- skills c. analogy- business administration and engineering as models
Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont. Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy
Question What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in each of your countries?
Comprehensive Question of the Day Armstrong's argument that education and training are critical variables in understanding "development" strategies in Western Europe and Soviet Union. Discuss. Apply them to at least one other region of the world.
Second Question It has been said that in terms of public sector reform, education and recruitment issues are the "only game in town." Defend or critique. How does recruitment relate to representation vs. merit issues?