Biology: The Study of Life Section 1.1: What is Biology? p

The Science of Biology Biology Biology The study of life The study of life

The Science of Biology Living things do not exist in ISOLATION; they are all functioning parts of the delicate balance of nature Living things do not exist in ISOLATION; they are all functioning parts of the delicate balance of nature Living things rely upon other living things to survive! Living things rely upon other living things to survive!

Living/Nonliving interactions Leaf cutter ants Leaf cutter ants Eat fungus from leaves Eat fungus from leaves Pitcher plants Pitcher plants Trap + eat insects Trap + eat insects Seahorse Seahorse Blends into environment to survive Blends into environment to survive Spadefoot toad Spadefoot toad Burrows underground to prevent water loss from body Burrows underground to prevent water loss from body

The Diversity of Life The study of one living thing always involves the interactions with other living things The study of one living thing always involves the interactions with other living things Humans + plants Humans + plants Food, raw materials, oxygen Food, raw materials, oxygen Humans + animals Humans + animals Food, raw materials, tools Food, raw materials, tools Biological research Biological research Medical treatments, disease prevention Medical treatments, disease prevention The study of biology will teach how humans function + fit in with the rest of the natural world The study of biology will teach how humans function + fit in with the rest of the natural world

Characteristics of Living Things

Organization Living things are organized Living things are organized Biologist will look for structure Biologist will look for structure Organization Organization The way an organism is highly structured The way an organism is highly structured Molecules – Cells – Organism Molecules – Cells – Organism

Reproduction Living things make more living things Living things make more living things Reproduction Reproduction The production of offspring The production of offspring Not essential to individual organisms Not essential to individual organisms Essential to species Essential to species Group of organisms that can interbreed + produce fertile offspring in nature Group of organisms that can interbreed + produce fertile offspring in nature

Change… Living things change during their lives Living things change during their lives Growth Growth An increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures An increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures Development Development All the changes that take place during the life of an organism All the changes that take place during the life of an organism

Adjustments… Living things adjust to their surroundings Living things adjust to their surroundings “Environment” “Environment” Air Air Water Water Weather Weather Other organisms Other organisms

More Adjustments… Stimulus Stimulus Anything in an organism’s external or internal environment that causes an organism to react Anything in an organism’s external or internal environment that causes an organism to react Response Response The reaction to the stimulus The reaction to the stimulus

Still more Adjustments… Homeostasis Homeostasis Regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival Regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival Examples: Examples: Amount of water in cells Amount of water in cells Amount of minerals in cells Amount of minerals in cells Temperature regulation Temperature regulation

Using Energy Energy Energy The ability to do work or cause change The ability to do work or cause change Comes from food Comes from food

Adapting Adaptation Adaptation An inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors + live to reproduce An inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors + live to reproduce Allows organisms to SURVIVE + REPRODUCE Allows organisms to SURVIVE + REPRODUCE Adaptations increase populations of organisms Adaptations increase populations of organisms

Evolution Evolution Evolution Gradual change in a species over time through adaptations Gradual change in a species over time through adaptations