Review of Core topics in the Conference of European Statisticians Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing Paolo Valente United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Statistical Division Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses Minsk, 8-12 December 2008

Number of topics in 2000 and 2010 CES Rec. Type of topics Diff. Core topics, of which: population core topics housing core topics Non-core topics, of which: population non-core topics housing non-core topics1617+1

Population topics: Place of usual residence Definition of Place of usual residence Place where a person has lived for a continuous period of at least 12 months before census day OR Place where a person has arrived during the 12 months before census day with the intention of staying for at least 12 months

Population topics Place of usual residence (cont.)  Same as one of the two definitions proposed in Principles and Recommendations New compared to past recommendations: Time threshold of 12 months Concept of “Intention of staying” for selected people

Population topics Place of usual residence - Intention “Intention of staying”  The intention should be considered only for persons who arrived in the place of residence in the 12 months before the census How should the “intention of staying” be taken in consideration?

Population topics Place of usual residence – Intention (cont.)  To determine the place of residence of this person, we have to consider his/her “intention” “Intention of staying” Example: At the time of the census a person is residing in place B, where he/she moved from place A four months before the census:

Population topics Place of usual residence – Intention (cont.) CASE 1: If the person has intention to stay in B for a total period of less than 12 months and then plans to return to place A:  Then place A is the place of usual residence at the time of the census (temporary absence)

Population topics Place of usual residence – Intention (cont.)  In ALL OTHER CASES, the place of usual residence at the time of the census is place B Including: CASE 2 : If the person has intention to stay in B for a total period of 12 months or longer:

Population topics Place of usual residence – Intention (cont.) …and also: CASE 3 : If the person has intention to stay in B for a total of less than 12 months and then plans to move to a different place C: Place B (where found at census time) is the place of usual res.

Population topics Place of usual residence – Intention (cont.) Why was the “intention” of staying introduced in the definition?  To make sure that everybody has one and only one place of usual residence

Population topics Place of usual residence Difficult application for…  Persons living in more than one residence  Persons working away from home during the week  Students who are studying away from home  Children who alternate between two households  Persons living in institutions  Persons in compulsory military service

Population topics Place of usual residence Place of usual residence of:  Persons living in more than one residence  Children who alternate between two households  Is the place where the person spends the majority of the time (general principle)

Population topics Place of usual residence EXCEPTIONS: Place of usual residence of:  Persons working away from home during the week  Primary and secondary students studying away from home  Is the family home, even if they don’t spend there the majority of the time

Population topics Place of usual residence Place of usual residence of:  Tertiary (university) students studying away from home  Is where they spend or intend to spend the majority of time (term-time address)

Population topics Place of usual residence Why differentiate primary-secondary and tertiary students? For the different link with the family home BUT……  If the place of education is within the country, then the family home could be considered as place of usual residence for all students, including tertiary students

Population topics Place of usual residence Place of usual residence of:  Persons living in institutions  If they are staying (or have intention to stay) there for more than 12 months, then it is the institution. Otherwise, the family home.

Population topics Place of usual residence  There are people who do not have a place of usual residence because move frequently and do not make up the 12 months rules (such as homeless) The place of usual residence of these persons is the place where they are enumerated  Every person should have one and only one place of usual residence

Population topics Place of usual residence Temporary absent persons: Persons who are usually resident in the enumeration place but are absent at the time of the census for less than 12 months should be included  IMPORTANT: Persons who have been away or intend to be away for more than 12 months should be excluded  Long-term emigrants should be excluded

Population topics Total population (derived topic) Count of total usually resident population, including: persons who are usually resident and present, and persons who are usually resident but temporarily absent

Population topics Total population (derived topic) How to treat special cases?  Refugees  Asylum seekers  Illegal immigrants The 12-month rule applies as for the rest of the population, regardless of legal status!!!

Population topics Total population (derived topic) EXCEPTIONS: Defense and diplomatic personnel and their family who are nationals but are located outside the country  Included Foreign defense and diplomatic personnel and their family living in the country  Excluded

Migration characteristics New general framework Definition of relevant population groups –Foreign-born –Foreigners –Descendants of foreign-born –Ever-international migrants –Internal migrants

Migration characteristics  4 core topics to satisfy growing demand for data on migration: – Country/place of birth  Data on foreign-born Place of birth, or Place of residence of mother at the time of the birth – Country of citizenship  Data on foreigners Collect information on dual or multiple citizenship Collect information on stateless persons

Migration characteristics – Ever resided abroad and year of arrival in the country  Data on ever-international migrants (upgrading of “Year of immigration into the country”, non- core topic in 2000 rec.) – Previous place of usual residence and date of arrival in the current place  Data on internal migration (development of “Place of usual residence one year prior to the census”, core topic in the 2000 rec.)

Ethno-cultural characteristics High relevance in the context of migration, integration, minority policies 3 non-core topics : –Ethnicity –Language –Religion Free and open declaration of the respondents is essential Appropriate data security and disclosure control measures have to be put in place

Ethnicity and Religion Practical aspects Questionnaires should always include open boxes (not precoded) to allow small groups to identify Respondents should be allowed to indicate « none » or « not declared » For ethnicity: Respondents should be free to indicate more than one ethnic affiliation or a combination of two

Economic topics The main objective of collecting economic characteristics in the census is to classify the population according to Activity Status:

Activity Status Economically active population Persons who provide the supply of labour, as employed or as unemployed, for the production of goods and services Not economically active (inactive) population Persons who are not economically active: - Persons who produce services for own consumption -Persons who do not produce any good or service

Activity Status Current activity status (core in CES Rec.) Usual activity status (non-core) Short reference period: one week or one day Long reference period: one year What is the time-span to consider if the person is engaged in the “production”?

Activity status: Employed and unemployed Employed I.Persons who performed work for pay or profit, in cash or in kind II.Persons who were temporarily absent from a job in which they had already worked and to which they maintain a formal attachment, or from a self-employed activity such as a farm, a business enterprise or a service undertaking (paras ) Unemployed Persons who are: Without work (not in wage employment or self- employed), Currently available for work, and Seeking work

Current Activity Status How to assess the current activity status in the census questionnaire?  There are different practices, with different types of questions Important: How questions are asked matters!

Measurement of Current Activity Status: standard approach Have you worked?NoTemporary absent? YesNo Looking for work? Ready to take up work? No Information on job: occupation, status, …. UnemployedNon active Yes Employed

Measurement of Current Activity Status: standard approach Example: UK Last week, were you doing any work as employee, self employed or in your own/family business? …followed by other questions on number of hours worked, type of work done, etc.

Measurement of Current Activity Status: standard approach Example: Canada Last week, how many hours did you/this person spend working for pay or in self employment? Include: Working for wages, salary, tips or commission; Working in your/his/her own business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership Working directly towards the operation of a family farm or business without formal pay arrangements (e.g. assisting in seeding, doing accounts) Number of hours None

Measurement of Current Activity Status: standard approach Shortcoming: When asked about work, people tend to exclude non-formal work Some prompts can be added:  Did you sell food or snacks at the market/bus- stop/school?  Did you sell food from home?  Did you sew for pay?

Measurement of Current Activity Status: alternative approach Example: Ireland How would you describe your present principal status? Working for payment and profit Looking for first regular job Unemployed Student or pupil Looking after home Retired from payment Unable to work Other Employed Unemployed Not active

Measurement of Current Activity Status DISCOURAGED approach: Source of income/livelihood

Main source of income/livelihood (non-core topic) CES Recommendations: The “main source of livelihood” is a useful concept to complement the measurement of the economically active population and of status in employment. However, it is NOT suitable for the measurement of economic activity status and should not be used to classify the population according to activity status.

Beyond the Activity Status Classification Other core topics on economic characteristics: Occupation Industry Status in employment Information on these topics should be collected for: Employed Unemployed (on the basis of the last job)

Selected other population topics in CES Rec. Disability –New non-core topic in CES Rec. –Core topic in Principles and Rec. Agriculture (new non-core topic) –Own account agriculture production (household level) –Characteristics of all agriculture jobs during the last year (individual level)

Housing topics – Highlights of changes in 2010 CES Recommendations New framework: Most core topics refer ONLY to housing units (occupied conv. dwellings and other housing units) Conventional dwellings Types of housing Other housing units Collective living quarters Homeless with no place of u.r. Occupied conv. dwel. Seasonal & sec. dwel. Other vacant dwel.

Housing topics – Highlights of changes in 2010 CES Recommendations New core topic: Housing arrangements – All persons should be classified in these categories: (1.0)Persons with usual res. in a conventional dwelling (2.0)Persons with usual res. in an other housing unit (3.0)Persons with usual res. in a collective living quarter (4.0)Persons who are not usual residents in any living quarter category, such as homeless or other people moving between temporary accommodations

Housing topics For core topics: Water supply system Toilet facilities  Differences between classifications in CES Rec. and Principles and Recommendations  WHO recommended using classification proposed in Principles and Recommendations