Carl Lagoze Digital Library Service Registry Workshop Services in a Scholarly Communication Framework

Carl Lagoze Joint work with…. NSF-funded Pathways Project o Jeroen Bekaert o Xiaoming Liu o Sandy Payette o Herbert Van de Sompel o Simeon Warner Seed for upcoming Augmenting Interoperability across Scholarly Repositories Meeting sponsored by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Coalition for Networked Information, the Digital Library Federation, JISC and Microsoft.

Carl Lagoze Relevant Technology Trends Service-oriented architecture Web 2.0 Semantic Web SOA Web 2.0 RDF OWL-S OWL

Carl Lagoze Service-oriented architectures (SOA) Characteristics of services o Modular, atomic o Well-defined interfaces o Loosely coupled o Like building blocks o Standards for invoking operations (e.g., SOAP/REST, XML) Benefits o Flexibility o Enable creation of higher-level services o Enable customized end-user applications o Re-use services in different contexts o Evolution: create new services as needed o Orchestrate services to fulfill a process monolithic application

Carl Lagoze Implications of Web 2.0 Key themes o Services (not packaged apps) o Architecture of participation o Remix/transform data sources o Harness collective intelligence Emergent Behavior o Upcoming generations of scholars will have a completely different paradigm and expectations regarding technology o Collaborative classification (e.g., flickr) o Power of collective intelligence (amazon) o Alternative trust models (reputation – ebay; open-source)

Carl Lagoze 1.Creation and publication of new forms of “information units” 2.Services to better enable the processes of research and scholarship 3.Knowledge environments that captures semantic and factual relationships among information units 4.Promote information re-use and contextualization 5.Facilitate collaborative activity and capture information that is created as a byproduct of it e-Scholarship in the New Context

Carl Lagoze Services in e-Scholarship Decompose and distribute traditional steps in scholarly publishing value chain 1 o Registration – claim precedence for a scholarly finding. o Certification - establish validity of scholarly claim o Awareness - discover and access claims and findings o Archiving - preserves the scholarly record over time o Rewarding - based on metrics derived from that system Add new services to the mix o Workflow o Collaborative functions (e.g., annotation, re-use) o Data mining and analysis o Preservation monitoring and migration 1. Roosendaal and Geurts 1997

Carl Lagoze Service pathways (decomposed and distributed)

Carl Lagoze The repository model Repositories (institutional, learned society, etc.) are about facilitating the (re)use of materials in many contexts Repositories are the starting point of value chains

Carl Lagoze Value chains starting in repositories Example 1: Overlay journal Editor of overlay journal selects articles from 3 repositories (arXiv, DSpace, Fedora) for inclusion in the next journal issue

Carl Lagoze Value chains starting in repositories Example 2: Data-aware scholarship Researcher uses datasets from 2 repositories (Fedora, NVO), performs operations on those, creates a publication that contains the resulting new dataset and an accompanying paper, and deposits this publication in her institutional repository (DSpace).

Carl Lagoze Value chains starting in repositories Observations Need interoperable repository interfaces to support these kind of workflows Must tie the new object persistently to the objects in the origin repositories; Allow another party wants to add value via services to the new object (journal issue, publication)

Carl Lagoze Value chains starting in repositories Infrastructure to support such operations: A data model supported across repositories Core interfaces supported across repositories: Obtain, Harvest, Put Notion of persistent Identity and Lineage play a crucial role in the data model and in the interfaces Service Registry for discovery, matching, and application of value-add operations to information units

Carl Lagoze Data Model for Reusable Information Common framework for reuse among heterogeneous repositories Information sharing format - NOT a packaging format Influenced by: o FRBR o Kahn/Wilensky Digital Object Framework o Compound Object Schema – METS, DIDL, FOXML Integrates information on: o Structure o Lineage o Access points o Semantics

Carl Lagoze Data Model and Service Matching Beyond simple (MIME) type mapping – e.g., PANIC Provides framework for structural and semantic service matching