Social Development

Attachment The emotional ties that form between people. The emotional ties that form between people. Attachment is essential for survival Attachment is essential for survival By four months, they prefer their mother. By four months, they prefer their mother. Failure to Thrive Failure to Thrive Attachment.html Attachment.html

Stranger Anxiety By 8 months infants develop a fear of strangers. By 8 months infants develop a fear of strangers. They become more distressed when strangers try to touch them. They become more distressed when strangers try to touch them.

Separation Anxiety Also at about the same age, infants become distressed if they fear that their parent is leaving them Also at about the same age, infants become distressed if they fear that their parent is leaving them Why? Why?

Contact Comfort Instinctual need to touch or be touched by something soft. Instinctual need to touch or be touched by something soft. Examples: Examples:

Imprinting Process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period. Process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period. While this takes place in animals like geese…Humans do not have a critical period. While this takes place in animals like geese…Humans do not have a critical period. What does this mean? What does this mean? How do we know this? How do we know this?

What type of parent will you be? Authoritative Authoritative Combine warmth with positive strictness Combine warmth with positive strictness Children are more independent and achievement oriented. Children are more independent and achievement oriented. Authoritarian Authoritarian Believe in obedience for its own sake Expect children to follow without question Children become resistant and less friendly as well as less spontaneous

What type of parent will you be? Permissive Permissive High in warmth but rarely discipline their children High in warmth but rarely discipline their children Expectations of maturation are low. Expectations of maturation are low. Helicopter Parents Helicopter Parents Parents are more involved today than at any other time Even talking to college professors Children are their investment

Child Abuse and Neglect Causes Stress- Poverty and Unemployment Stress- Poverty and Unemployment History in family History in family Acceptance of violence as a coping mechanism Acceptance of violence as a coping mechanism Lack of attachment to the children Lack of attachment to the children Substance abuse Substance abuse Rigid attitudes about child rearing Rigid attitudes about child rearing

Self-esteem Unconditional Positive Regard Unconditional Positive Regard Parents love and accept their children for who they are-no matter how they behave Parents love and accept their children for who they are-no matter how they behave How do they grow up? How do they grow up? Conditional Positive Regard Conditional Positive Regard Parents show their love only when the children behave in certain acceptable ways How do they grow up?