The Late Cold War and the Fall of Communism HWH UNIT 12 CHAPTER 18.5.

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Presentation transcript:

The Late Cold War and the Fall of Communism HWH UNIT 12 CHAPTER 18.5

The End of Détente Soviets invade Afghanistan, 1979 Reagan (1980) and Thatcher (1981)

Solidarity in Poland, 1980 Lech Walesa

Gorbachev and Reagan Glasnost “ openness ” Freedom of dissent Perestroika Economic “ restructuring ” More free-market

Poland, Strikes in 1988 Elections in 1989 Lech Walesa, president

Hungary Breach of the Iron Curtain, 1989 Open borders Refugees from East Germany Janos Kadar removed from power ( ) October, ’ 89: Hungarian Republic proclaimed Free elections

The Fall of the Berlin Wall Autumn, 1989 Refugees to Hungary Resignation of Honecker and free elections The Berlin Wall Falls, November 1989

German Reunification October 3, 1990 The Federal Republic of Germany

Czechoslovakia, 1989 Soviet renunciation of 1968 “ 68 upside down ” Vaclav Havel President Alexander Dubcek Prime Minister

Romania: Violent Revolution Nicolae Ceaucescu

The Collapse of the USSR The August Coup (1991) Boris Yeltsin Why did the USSR fail? Command economy Defense spending Internal division Reform-minded leader

After the USSR… The Commonwealth of Independent States (1991)

China’s Reaction: The Tiananmen Square Massacre, June 1989 Protesters peacefully demand reform Gorbachev’s visit Crackdown, June 1989 Thousands killed??? No political reform in China

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