II. Kingdoms of Bacteria A. 2 Kingdoms A. 2 Kingdoms 1. Archebacteria a. Methanogens 1) oxygen-free environments 1) oxygen-free environments 2)Use HS, CO2, N2 as energy 2)Use HS, CO2, N2 as energy -Give off methane 3) Ex’s- swamps, sewage areas 3) Ex’s- swamps, sewage areas b. Extreme Halophiles 1) High salt concentration 1) High salt concentration 2) Ocean not enough (3.5%) 2) Ocean not enough (3.5%) -Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea

c. Hyperthermophyles 1) Need high temps 1) Need high temps 2) +80 degrees C’ 2) +80 degrees C’ 3) Hot springs, Sulfur Springs 3) Hot springs, Sulfur Springs 2. Bacteria a. heterotrophs 1) need outside food source 2)means:

1) parasite 2) saprophyte- def. b. Autotrophs *photosynthetic-chlorophyll B. More about Archebacteria B. More about Archebacteria-chemosynthetic -obtain energy from the breakdown of inorganic substances (S & N)

Chemosynthesis point of interest: Chemosynthesis point of interest: => Nitrogen fixation 1) Nitrogen- primary component of our protein 2) how do we get it? Atmosphere: Nitrogen (N)- 78% Oxygen (O)-18% Carbon dioxide(CO 2 ) - 1% Rest (He,H,etc.)-1%

3) Bacteria “fix” the Nitrogen a.Make unusable N into Nitrates and Nitrites N 2 => NO 2 & NO 3 b. We then can utilize the previously unusable nitrogen to make protein

B. Structure 1. No membrane bound organelles 2. Circular DNA (Prokaryote) -plasmid 3. Classified by shape & arrangement: Diplo-Staphylo-Strepto-

C. Your turn: find the def.’s for the following terms from your packets:  Penicillin (how it works)  Include “osmotic rupture”  Aerobes  Anaerobes  Endospores  Binary Fission  Sexual Reproduction (parts involved)  Nitrogen Fixation