“World War II Erupts”

DRQ 13.1 DESCRIBE AT LEAST THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAZI PARTY Lecture 13.1 “The Rise of Dictators”

A. Europe After World War I Problems with peace  Treaty of Versailles German Outrage  Economic damage  Hyper-inflation  Weimar Republic

B. Totalitarian Leaders Arise Mussolini in Italy  Fascism  Mussolini’s dictatorship  “Il Duce”  Totalitarian regime Hitler’s Rise to Power  National Socialists (Nazis)  Mein Kampf  1933 – Chancellor  Military build-up and “living space” Other Regimes  Francisco Franco – Spain  Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

C. Totalitarian Governments and Military Force Japan and Manchuria  1931 – invasion of Manchuria  Japanese nationalists  Withdrawal from the League Italy invades Ethiopia  1935 – Mussolini invades  Haile Selassie  League does nothing The Spanish Civil War  Fascists vs. Communists  Fascist Francisco Franco  Nazi “warm-up”

D. Hitler Takes Action Militarizing the Rhineland  Violating the Treaty  Invasion of the Rhineland The Anschluss  Union with Austria  Another violation The Sudetenland  Neville Chamberlain  Munich Pact  Hitler “given” part of Czechoslovakia

DRQ 13.2 DESCRIBE AT LEAST THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS Lecture 13.2 “Europe Erupts in War”

A. World War II Starts Appeasement  Meant to pacify Hitler  Had opposite effect Hitler’s Early Moves  Czechoslovakia  Pact with Italy and Soviet Union Hitler Attacks Poland  1939 – Hitler invades  The “Blitzkrieg”  Britain and France declare war  The “Allies”

B. German Forces Turn West The “Sitzkrieg”  Months of inactivity  Denmark and Norway fall The Netherlands and Belgium  Allies trapped at Dunkirk France Falls  Maginot Line fails  France surrenders  Vichy France  Charles de Gaulle The Battle of Britain  Winston Churchill  Bombing of London  RAF vs. Luftwaffe  Edward R. Murrow

C. Tensions in East Asia 1937 – Japan invades China  Rape of Nanking 1940 – the Axis Powers  Japan, Italy, Germany Invasion of Indochina  Natural resources  U.S. stops oil shipments  Hideki Tojo takes over  Failure to compromise

DRQ 13.3 DESCRIBE THREE KEY EVENTS DURING THE EARLY COURSE OF THE WAR Lecture 13.3 “The U.S. Enters the War”

A. American Isolationism Lindbergh and “America First”  Anti-League feelings  Isolationism – shared by conservatives and liberals  Pacifists FDR  Not an isolationist  1933 – recognized Soviet Union  1935 – Neutrality Act

B. Balancing Isolationism and Intervention U.S. remains neutral FDR’s Quarantine Speech  Spread of war like a disease  Peaceful nations must quarantine

C. Preparing for War 1938 – new warships built FDR’s advancing policies  Cash and Carry Policy  “All Aid Short of War”  Lend-Lease Act  “Arsenal of democracy”  Atlantic Charter  Britain and U.S. German U-boats attack  U.S.S. Kearney – 11 killed  U.S.S. Reuben James – 100 killed

D. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor War with Japan likely  Where and when? Pearl Harbor unready December 7, 1941  Japanese launch surprise attack  Planes and ships destroyed  2,400 Americans killed  Complete defeat for U.S. American Reaction  Anger and fear  Dec. 8 - FDR asks Congress for declaration of war  Italy and Germany declare war

DRQ 13.4 DESCRIBE THREE KEY STEPS THE U.S. TOOK THAT GOT US INVOLVED IN WWII BEFORE OFFICIALLY DECLARING WAR Lecture 13.4 “Mobilizing for War”

A. Mobilizing the Armed Forces Isolationism gone George C. Marshall  Leads mobilization Finding Soldiers  Draft and volunteers Women and the Armed Forces  WAVES, WAAC, WASPS  Oveta Culp Hobby – WAC New Military Bases  CA, Florida, Texas

B. Mobilizing Industry and Science Factories convert production  Meet steep goals Shipyards’ record production  Henry Kaiser’s “Liberty Ships” Government Agencies  Office of Production Management  War Production Board Rosie the Riveter  Symbol of women workers Labor in WWII  Millions of jobs end Depression  National War Labor Board  Smith-Connally Act

C. Mobilizing Industry and Science (cont.) Mobilizing Science  The Manhattan Project  Atomic bomb  J. Robert Oppenheimer

D. Fighting for Freedom at Home African Americans in the Military  First African American marines’  First navy officers  Served in segregated units  Bravery often unrecognized African Americans in the workforce  New job opportunities  Racism and discrimination  A. Phillip Randolph calls for march on Washington Hispanic Americans  Bracero Program  Zoot Suit Riots