Macromolecules Review.

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Presentation transcript:

Macromolecules Review

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Monomers: Simple sugars or monosaccharides Polymer: Polysaccharides Elements: (1:2:1 ratio C1H2O1) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Structure Function Quick Energy Strong Covalent Bonds Ring Shaped Made through condensation reaction. Broken down through hydrolysis reaction. Function Quick Energy

Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (1 sugar): Glucose Disaccharides (2 sugars): Sucrose Polysaccharides (3 or more simple sugars): Glycogen: Stores energy in animals. Cellulose: Structural support in plants. Humans cannot digest it. Starch: Stores energy in plants.

Protein

Proteins Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Protein Elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur Formed by condensation reactions Broken down by hydrolysis reactions

Structure: Functions: Held together by strong covalent bonds, called peptide bonds. Building blocks of life. Must bend and fold before it can function Functions: Structural parts of cell and body tissue. Aid in Transport Hormones Enzymes

Types of Proteins: Enzymes Hormones Hemoglobin (in red blood cells) ends in -ase example: lactase (breaks down lactose) Hormones Hemoglobin (in red blood cells) Carries oxygen

Lipids

Lipids: Monomer: Fatty Acids Polymer: Lipids Elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Made by condensation reactions Broken down by hydrolysis

Structure: Long chains of carbon and hydrogen. Held together by covalent bonds Hydrophobic (water hating). Looks like a letter “E” 1 Glycerol 3 Fatty Acids

Fatty Acids Saturated: Single Bonds Straight chain Unsaturated: Some Double bonds Bent chain

Functions: Long term energy storage Types of Lipids: Waxes Steroids Fats Saturated Unsaturated Phospholipids (found in cell membranes)

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides Polymer: Nucleic Acid Elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phorphorous

Nucleotides Parts of a nucleotide

Structure: Functions: Put together by condensation reactions. Broken down by hydrolysis reaction. Held together by strong covalent bonds Double or single stranded Functions: Stores genetic information Aids in protein synthesis (Protein building)

Types of Nucleic Acids: DNA RNA

Condensation Reaction Also known as dehydration synthesis

Hydrolysis Reaction