RHETORIC Matters! PATHOS ETHOS LOGOS

As we study rhetoric, you will notice that you have heard it all before. But, don’t take your previous knowledge for granted and certainly don’t assume you know it ALL! As we study rhetoric, you will notice that you have heard it all before. But, don’t take your previous knowledge for granted and certainly don’t assume you know it ALL! Pay attention to the context, the audience and the language. Look for rhetorical devices that influence pathos, ethos and logos when reading non-fiction & fictional text so you truly understand an author’s purpose.

Review of Rhetoric  Rhetoric (n) – the art and study of using language effectively.  Context, Audience & Purpose  Rhetorical Devices – allow the writer to manipulate the effect they want to create for the audience –6 main devices/techniques –More rhetorical features for the writing techniques

Syntax = sentence structure  When looking for how an author uses syntax, consider:  short & long sentences  sentence types  punctuation or lack there of

The Long & Short of SYNTAX…  Independent Clauses and Dependent Clauses  Run-ons and Fragments  Compound, Complex & Compound- Complex Sentences

Clauses (not as in Mr. & Mrs.)  Independent clause – a group of words that has both a subject and a predicate  Dependent clause – has a subject and/or a verb but cannot stand alone; also known as a subordinate clause

Basic Sentence Types  Run on sentence – two independent and/or dependent clauses that have been run together without an appropriate conjunction and/or mark of punctuation between them.  Fragmented sentence – a group of words that form an incomplete idea and/or lack a grammatically correct sentence containing a subject and a predicate.

More of the Basics…  Compound sentence – two or more independent clauses connected by a semi-colon and/or a coordinating conjunction.  Complex sentence – one independent clause combined with one or more dependent clauses.  Compound – Complex sentence - two or more independent clauses combined with one or more dependent clauses (proper punctuation & conjunctions required)

Punctuation of Importance Punctuation of Importance  Semi-colon;  REQUIRES an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE on EACH SIDE of ;  Colon :  USE to PAUSE & PRESENT a LIST or ILLUSTRATION  Dash -  USE to CHOP IDEAS, PRESENT a LIST or ILLUSTRATION, EXPOUND on an IDEA